In order to be able to adapt to differing vehicle interfaces such as suitport and airlock, adjust to varying vehicle pressure schedules, tolerate lower quality working fluids, and adapt to differing suit architectures as dictated by a range of mission architectures, the next generation space suit requires more adaptability and robustness over that of the current Shuttle/ISS Extra-vehicular Mobi...

Previous euro area money demand studies have used aggregated national time series data from the countries participating in the European Monetary Union (EMU). However, aggregation may be problematic because macroeconomic convergence processes have taken place in the countries of interest. Therefore, in this study, quarterly German data until 1998 are combined with data from the euro area from 19...

AFTER THREE DECADES, the quest for European monetary unification may well bear fruit on January 1, 1999. On that date the European Union (EU) plans to introduce a common currency, the euro, in member states that satisfy specified macroeconomic convergence criteria. If the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) project is launched on time and with the maximum membership of eleven countries that curre...

Prior to EMU, fiscal policy within the EU was disciplined by the threat of exclusion of the single currency; post-EMU, discipline has been exerted through the provisions of the Stability and Growth Pact. In this paper, we contrast the discipline induced by the two separate regimes on three specific criteria: the probability of violating the 3% deficit limit, the probability of commencing a budg...

Centralized wage-setting institutions are considered to be more effective at reducing wage inequality. In this paper, I offer an expansive cross-national analysis of the effects of recent liberalization in wage-setting institutions on wage inequality in the OECD, taking into special consideration the effects of EU and EMU membership. A qualitative comparison of liberalization occurring within E...

This paper estimates the effect of joining European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on Swedish Trade. Sweden is very open to international trade: exports and imports combined together amount to two-thirds of Swedish GDP. Almost half of this trade is with the Euro-zone. The empirical evidence presented here shows that currency unions are associated with substantially higher trade and welfare. ...

A new emu (Emuarius guljaruba, sp. nov.) is described from the Late Oligocene Etadunna Formation (Ngama Local Fauna), based on a complete tarsometatarsus. While exhibiting evidence of cursorial abilities advanced over those of cassowaries (Casuarius), this taxon was not as cursorially adapted as the living Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). This taxon is provisionally referred to the genus Emuariu...

Despite numerous papers addressing the topic, the gross morphology of the ratite tongue and more specifically that of the emu, has been superficially or poorly described. This paper presents the first definitive macroscopic description of the emu tongue and reviews, consolidates and compares the scattered information on the gross morphology of the ratite tongue available in the literature. Twen...

In 1999, eleven European countries formed the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); they abandoned their national currencies and adopted a new common currency, the euro. Several recent papers argue that the introduction of the euro has led (by itself) to a sizable and statistically significant increase in trade between the member countries of EMU. In this paper, we put the trade effect of the euro...