The project deals with collecting data on greenhouse gas emissions on the Caltech campus. The emissions are categorized in 3 scopes. Scope 1 includes direct emissions, scope 2 indirect emissions from purchased water and electricity and scope 3 other indirect emissions. The data is used as an input in a Carbon footprint calculator, giving as an output a corresponding number of tons of carbon dio...

[1] We present measurements from three sites during 2001–2002 showing that methylchloroform emissions have continued in the U.S., despite the 1996 production ban under the Montreal Protocol. Available data from urban regions, if representative, suggest that 1997–2002 U.S. emissions declined exponentially from 18.5 to 3.0 Gg/yr. F-11 also showed evidence of ongoing emissions, whereas F-113 emiss...

Climate change occasioned by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is now widely accepted as an issue which mankind needs to address. The starting point is necessarily the determination of all the sources of emissions during the life-cycles of the studied components. Post-calculation, the results ought to be presented to decision-makers in a clear manner so as to provide the basis on whic...

Nowadays, the major challenge of diesel engines development is simultaneous nitrogen oxides and soot emissions reduction without the thermal efficiency drop. Hence, different combustion concepts should be investigated to reach optimum emission and performance conditions in diesel engines without expensive aftertreatment systems. This paper presents the results of a study on a dual fuel (DF) eng...

Because of increasing concern about global climate change and carbon emissions as a causal factor, many companies and organizations are pursuing "carbon footprint" projects to estimate their own contributions to global climate change. Protocol definitions from carbon registries help organizations analyze their footprints. The scope of these protocols varies but generally suggests estimating onl...

The California Climate Action Registry, which will begin operation in Fall 2002, is a voluntary registry for California businesses and organizations to record annual greenhouse gas emissions. Reporting of emissions in the Registry by a participant involves documentation of both “direct” emissions from sources that are under the entity’s control and “indirect” emissions controlled by others. Ele...

Experiments were conducted at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit Laboratory to understand changes in vehicle emissions in response to stricter emissions standards over the past 25 years. Measurements included a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for a wide range of spark ignition gasoline vehicles meeting varying levels of emissions standards, including all certificatio...

Preface On its way to its current form this report has received significant input from a considerable number of experts. In particular, a panel of experts in Brussels discussed a draft version of the report on November 24, 1999 (see Appendix C for a list of names), and made a number of specific and more general comments and suggestions. The author would like to thank these people for their valu...

Devising policies for a low carbon city requires a careful understanding of the characteristics of urban residential lifestyle and consumption. The production-based accounting approach based on top-down statistical data has a limited ability to reflect the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from residential consumption. In this paper, we present a survey-based GHG emissions accounting methodo...

Data collected during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore Washington region were used to evaluate CO and NOx emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The average emissions ratio for the region was seen to be 11.2 ± 1.2 mol CO/mol NOx, 21% higher than that predicted by the NEI. Comparisons between in situ and remote observations and CMAQ model output show agreement i...