background: little knowledge of synonymous codon usage pattern of pseudorabies virus (prv) genome, especially the ul31 gene in the process for its evolution is available. objectives: in the present study, the codon usage bias between prv ul31 sequence and the ul31-like sequences was identified. materials and methods: we used a comprehensive analysis on codon usage pattern in the prv ul31 gene a...

One major problem of the conventional solar cells is low conversion efficiency. In this work, we have proposed a new design including hemisphere texturing on top and metallic plasmonic nanostructure under the silicon layer to enhance the optical absorption inside the photosensitive layer.    The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used to investigate the interaction of light wi...

Vocabulary is one of the essential components of language and learning phrasal verbs as part of vocabulary is quite challenging for foreign language learners. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of visual and auditory input enhancement on learning non-congruent phrasal verbs. The participants of the study were 90 intermediate English language learners who were divided into two ...

The speech enhancement techniques are often employed to improve the quality and intelligibility of the noisy speech signals. This paper discusses a novel technique for speech enhancement which is based on Singular Value Decomposition. This implementation utilizes a Genetic Algorithm based optimization method for reducing the effects of environmental noises from the singular vectors as well as t...

achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermatological products. the use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating a few common penetration enhancers (in different concentrations) into a 0.5% w/w piroxicam (model drug) gel formulation, on th...

this paper presents a three-dimensional numerical investigation carried out in turbulent forced convection in a tube with helical ribs. enhancement of heat transfer using helically corrugated tubes has beenstudied experimentally by many researchers but there exist a few published numerical analyses results. the paper also introduces the results of heat transfer and friction factor data for inco...

in order to the enhancement of the quality of speech corrupted by additive noise, a speech enhancement method has been put forward based on the combination of spectral subtraction and binary masking. spectral subtraction is a powerful method for removing noise from speech and binary masking provides essential elements to be used in monaural speech segregation. in the proposed combined method, f...