Lymphocytes regulate their responsiveness to IL-2 through the transcriptional control of the IL-2R alpha gene, which encodes a component of the high affinity IL-2 receptor. In the mouse IL-2R alpha gene this control is exerted via two regulatable elements, a promoter proximal region, and an IL-2-responsive enhancer (IL-2rE) 1.3 kb upstream. In vitro and in vivo functional analysis of the IL-2rE...

The notion of English as Lingua Franca (ELF) has challenged the a Foreign Language (EFL) paradigm, which mainly aimed to attain native-like competence. Generally, ELF-informed teaching promotes creative use in multilingual environment meet communication needs. It also emphasises intelligibility ELF spoken rather than pursuing standard only. This study examine perceptions Indonesian pre-service ...

The electron localization function (ELF) is implemented in the first-principles, all-electron, full-potential local orbital method. This full-potential implementation increases the accuracy with which the ELF can be computed for crystalline materials. Some representative results obtained are presented and compared with the results of other methods. Although for crystal structures with directed ...

We designed and manufactured equipment for long-term and low-density (0 to 9 mT) exposures of cultured cells to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF), and examined the effects of ELF-MF on cell growth and c-myc mRNA expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The ELF-MF equipment consists of a CO2 incubator with a built-in magnet generator using Helmholtz coils being 250 mm in i...

[1] Cohen et al. [2008] overlook observations presented by Barr et al. [1988], which have a direct and possibly significant impact on two of their primary conclusions. The two conclusions of interest are: 1) that ‘geometric modulation’ in the form of circle-sweeping is significantly more efficient than amplitude modulation at generating ELF/VLF waves, and 2) that the ELF/VLF beam generated usin...

Solithromycin is a fluoroketolide antibiotic under investigation for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). We developed a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for solithromycin in adults using PK-Sim and MoBi version 6.2, which incorporated time-dependent CYP3A4 auto-inhibition. The model was developed and evaluated using plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF...

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic stem-cell growth and differentiation factor that is expressed solely in activated T and NK cells. Studies to date have identified elements 5' to the IL-3 coding sequences that regulate its transcription, but the sequences that confer T cell-specific expression remain to be clearly defined. We have now identified DNA sequences that are required for T cell-...

Previous studies have reported that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) can affect the processes of brain development, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. The proliferation and differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) is essential for brain development during the gestation period. To date, there is no report about the effects of ELF-EMF on eNSCs. ...

BACKGROUND Atherogenic effects of ELF-MF exposure have not been studied well so far. Therefore we have hypothesized that ELF-MF exposure might have atherogenic effect by impairing antioxidant function and increasing lipid peroxidation. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the effects of ELF-MF on paraoxonase (PON) activity, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation metabolites. Effe...

This study examines English textbooks used in Taiwanese junior high schools (Grades 7 to 9) from the perspective of as a lingua franca (ELF) and with regard national curriculum. In this study, that are currently Taiwan were examined based on an analysis framework featuring ELF attributes. These attributes proposed enumerated light previous studies revealed partially reflected manifestation diff...