This paper presents theory and evidence to show that imperialism was a major factor impeding the spread of the industrial revolution during the century ending in the 1950s. Two empirical results stand out. First, analysis of historical evidence shows that most sovereign countries were implementing active industrial policies during the nineteenth century, while policies in dependent countries we...

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a commonly used treatment in psychiatric disease for severe depression. It is considered to be a relatively safe procedure, although several case reports have described cardiac complications. Significant ECG changes may occur after this treatment [1–3] and echocardiographic abnormalities have been described [4–6]. Noninvasive evaluation of several cases after ...

Expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) posits that satisfaction is determined by interplay of prior expectations and perception of delivery. As such, there are many applications in research and practice that employ an ECT model. The descriptive power allows independent investigations manipulating either of the components and a format to examine just why clients are satisfied (or not) with a part...

A survey of ligand eld theory is given and the possibility of ob serving the Jahn Teller e ect in molecules by means of gas phase elec tron di raction is discussed The theory of the dynamic Jahn Teller e ect is outlined and theoretical and experimental results for VCl are reviewed In H A Jahn and E Teller predicted that a nonlinear molecule which is in a degenerate state will seek to change its...

Confounding is a simple concept. If we undertake to estimate the e ect of one variable (X) on another (Y ) by examining the statistical association between the two, we ought to ensure that the association is not produced by factors other than the e ect under study. The presence of spurious association, due for example to the in uence of extraneous variables, is called confounding as it tends to...

The fundamental economic paradigms of our time are not being rewritten as a result of the emergence of European monetary union. Rather, it was a revolution in economic theory that helped make possible the creation of a European common currency. In the 1960s it was believed that there is a long-run tradeo¤ between in‡ation and unemployment and output; society can choose to have a higher level of...