Abstract RF-driven negative hydrogen ion sources are typically operated at low frequencies around 1 MHz, gas pressures or below Pa and large power densities up to 10 Wcm -3 . Owing these conditions as well the current discharge geometries antenna layouts, RF coupling is far from optimized, i.e. only a fraction η of delivered by generator absorbed plasma. This considerably limits performance rel...

a hydrothermal method for preparation of nano-size zirconia has been studied to optimize the effective parameters (precursor concentration, temperature and time) using response surface methodology (rsm). the synthesized zirconia samples were characterized through x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscope (sem) and transmission electron microscopy (tem) analyses to identify mean nano...

Introduction Accurate estimation of the skin-absorbed dose in external radiation therapy is essential to estimating the probability of secondary carcinogenesis induction Materials and Methods Electron contamination in prostate radiotherapy was investigated using the Monte Carlo (MC) code calculation. In addition, field size dependence of the skin dose was assessed. Excess cancer risk induced by...

An algorithm based on the physics of radiative transfer in vegetation canopies for the retrieval of vegetation green leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) from surface reflectances was developed and implemented for operational processing prior to the launch of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the TERRA platform ...

This paper reviews the several methods available for estimating the fAPAR, both at local and large scale. The fAPAR definition is first discussed with regards to the directionality of the incident radiation. Then, the several techniques to estimate fAPAR from local ground measurements are reviewed with emphasis on the sampling strategy. We then describe methodologies to upscale fAPAR measuremen...

The purpose of this study is to predict human jejunal permeability (P(eff)) and fraction absorbed in human (%F(a)) for a group of antibacterial fluoroquinolones (FQs), by using a biophysical model based on measured Caco-2 permeability. The predicted P(eff) (in 10(-4) cm · s(-1) units) ranged from 0.7 (norfloxacin) to 4.5 (pefloxacin). The calculated %F(a) for norfloxacin = 51% (lit. 35%) and fo...

[1] The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, fAPAR, is an important biophysical characteristic in models of gas exchange between the terrestrial boundary layer and the atmosphere, as well as in the analysis of vegetation productivity. Synoptic estimation of fAPAR has been performed by using NDVI as a linear proxy of fAPAR, despite the saturation of NDVI at fAPAR beyond 0.7....

The ability of the electron transport particulate fraction of Azotobacter vinelandii strain O to oxidize tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) was examined in detail. The highest specific activity for TMPD and PPD oxidation concentrated in the A. vinelandii O R(3) fraction. The A. vinelandii O R(3) fraction was used to develop a standard manometric assay which gave ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of pharmaceutically relevant drug transporters in frog intestine which has been proposed as model for intestinal permeability screening assays of passively absorbed drugs in humans [Trapani, G., Franco, M., Trapani, A., Lopedota, A., Latrofa, A., Gallucci, E., Micelli, S., Liso, G., 2004. Frog intestinal sac: a new in vitro method for the as...