This paper is concerned with the unique determination of a threedimensional polyhedral bi-periodic diffraction grating by the scattered electromagnetic fields measured above the grating. It is shown that the uniqueness by any given incident field fails for seven simple classes of regular polyhedral gratings. Moreover, if a regular bi-periodic polyhedral grating is not uniquely identifiable by a...

Superconducting oscillators have been successfully used for quantum control and readout devices in conjunction with superconducting qubits. Also, squeezed states can improve the accuracy of measurements to subquantum, or at least subthermal, levels. Here, we show theoretically how to produce squeezed states of microwave radiation in a superconducting oscillator with tunable parameters. Its reso...

The inflaton field is assumed to possess electric charge. The effect of the charge upon inflation is studied using a parameter ω 0 that acts as a measure of the quantity of inflaton present. It is shown that at the end of inflation the charged inflaton should produce a fractal electromagnetic structure, which could act as a seed for the development of macroscopic galactic structures. Another co...

We demonstrated theoretically that the renormalization of the electron energy spectrum near the Dirac point of graphene by a strong high-frequency electromagnetic field (dressing field) drastically depends on polarization of the field. Namely, linear polarization results in an anisotropic gapless energy spectrum, whereas circular polarization leads to an isotropic gapped one. As a consequence, ...

It is deeply entrenched dogma that relativity theory prohibits superluminal propagation. It is also experimentally well-established that under some circumstances, classical electromagnetic fields propagate through a dielectric medium with superluminal group velocities and superluminal phase velocities. But it is usually claimed that these superluminal velocities do not violate the relativistic ...

BACKGROUND Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields is increasingly common, but the potential influence on pregnant women has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS In this case-control study, 58 women who had an unexplained spontaneous abortion at < 14 weeks gestation and 58 matched pregnant women >14 weeks gestation were enrolled in 2012. The women completed the questio...

INTRODUCTION To date, occupational exposure assessment of electromagnetic fields (EMF) has relied on occupation-based measurements and exposure estimates. However, misclassification due to between-worker variability remains an unsolved challenge. A source-based approach, supported by detailed subject data on determinants of exposure, may allow for a more individualized exposure assessment. Deta...

introduction: the use of cell phones is widespread and there are public concerns regarding its possible deleterious effects on human health especially on the pregnancy outcomes. in this study, structural changes of the placenta after applying the cell phone radiation were examined in the mice model.   materials and methods: for this work, 40 pregnant balb/c mice were randomly allocated to one c...

This study is related to the fluctuation theory of electromagnetic fields, charges, and currents. The three-dimensional system under consideration is a semi-infinite conductor, modeled by the jellium, in vacuum. In previous theoretical studies it was found that the correlation functions of the surface charge density on the conductor decay as the inverse cube of the distance at asymptotically la...