DFT calculations were carried out to investigate reaction paths of L-ascorbic acid (AAH2), hydroxyl radicals and water clusters. Frontier-orbital analyses were also performed to examine the regioselectivity of the OH˙ addition. Transition states of the electrolytic dissociation of AAH2 and intermediate carboxylic acids were found to have very small activation energies through proton transfers a...

introduction: the dorsal striatum plays an important role in the control of motor activity and learning processes within the basal ganglia circuitry. furthermore, recent works have suggested functional differentiation between subregions of the dorsal striatum methods: the present study examined the effects of bilateral electrolytic lesions of the dorsomedial striatum on motor behavior and learn...

F sharpened tungsten needles are essential tools required for the manipulation of small particles (1, 2, 3). They can be purchased commercially from Fine Science Tools at a cost of roughly $100 for a set of ten needles. Tungsten needles can easily become damaged during routine use, and accidentally bumping the sharpened end of a tungsten needle immediately renders it useless. For laboratories t...

A series of 18-membered macrocyclic complexes of metal Ni(II) of the type [M(H2Cy )] have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of spectral, magnetic and conductivity studies. The macrocyclic ligands H 4 Cy1-4 (Fig. 1) are tetrabasic having four imido hydrogen but behave in a dibasic manner. Out of eight nitrogens, four imido and four imino, ligands utilize four imido nitrogens for sq...

A thin Pd-Ag alloy film, which will be applied to fabricate membranes for hydrogen separation, was successfully deposited using an electroplating technique. The plating solution for the formation of a thin Ag-rich Ag-Pd film for electric contact consisted of PdCl2, AgNO3, HBr, and HNO2. An improvement of the electrolytic bath was achieved by a pH control, which was kept constant at 6.6 and by t...

Developing new methodologies to produce clean and renewable energy resources is pivotal for carbon-neutral initiatives. Hydrogen (H2) considered as an ideal resource due its nontoxic, pollution-free, high utilization rate, calorific combustion value. Electrolysis of water driven by the electricity generated from sources (e.g., solar energy, wind energy) hydrogen attracts great efforts productio...

Abstract The mechanical behavior, corrosion mechanisms, and cytocompatibility at the interface of magnesium wires reinforced poly-lactic acid polymer composites were studied by in vitro degradation study 180 days. Surface modification Mg plasma-electrolytic oxidation improved shear strength from 10.9 MPa to 26.3 which decreased 8 13.6 Mg/PLA PEO-Mg/PLA composites, respectively, after 42 days de...

We consider the interactions between two uncharged planar macroscopic surfaces, immersed in an electrolyte solution, which are induced by interfacial selectivity. These forces are taken into account by introducing a depletion free-energy density functional, in addition to the usual mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann functional. The minimization of the total free-energy functional yields the density p...

Standards of low electrolytic conductivity were developed to satisfy the demands of the U.S. Navy and American industry for the measurement of high quality water. The criteria for the selection of appropriate solvent and solutes, based on the principles of equivalent conductivity and Onsager's limiting law, are described. Dilute solutions of potassium chloride and benzoic acid in 30 % n-propano...