Two electroconvection (EC) pattern morphologies--a cellular and a subsequent roll pattern--have been detected in the same frequency range in a nematic with positive permittivity and conductivity anisotropies. The frequency dependences of the onset voltages and critical wave numbers have been determined both for homeotropic and planar alignments. It has been proven that both pattern morphologies...

The use of speleothems to reconstruct past climatic and environmental change through chemical proxies is becoming increasingly common. Speleothem chemistry is controlled by hydrological and atmospheric processes which vary over seasonal time scales. However, as many reconstructions using speleothem carbonate are now endeavouring to acquire information about precipitation and temperature dynamic...

Abstract River water was treated by continuous electrocoagulation (EC) for acetaminophen (AP), natural organic matter (NOM measured as UV254), and removal of elements. HRT at 40 min with 0.5 mg/L AP exhibited the best efficiency NOM (55.9%) (53.4%) removal. Except aluminium, other elements in river were removed completely. The EC sludge (floating settled) XRD spectrum showed peaks from reduced,...

Electrokinetic flow instabilities occur under high electric fields in the presence of electrical conductivity gradients. Such instabilities are a key factor limiting the robust performance of complex electrokinetic bio-analytical systems, but can also be exploited for rapid mixing and flow control for microscale devices. This paper reports a representative flow instability phenomenon studied us...

Ž . A calibrated Four-Electrode Probe FEP was used for inexpensive and indirect determinations Ž . of salinity-sensor Electrical Conductivity EC in a plot at Cauto Valley, Cuba. Two transects Ž . Ž . were made in the North–South N–S and East–West E–W directions. Laboratory measurements of soil EC were also made from samples taken on a 50-m spaced square grid. A linear semivariogram was obtained...

A selective review is presented of the use of optical, electrical, and electromechanical measurement methodologies of the electric field, charge, conductivity, and permittivity in dielectrics. Kerr electro-optic measurements are presented to demonstrate how volume charge distributions can distort the electric field distribution :significantly and how the field and charge distributions depend on...

Subjection of biological cells to high intensity pulsed electric field results in the permeabilization of the cell membrane. Measurement of the electrical conductivity change allows an analysis of the dynamics of the process, determination of the permeabilization thresholds, and ion efflux influence. In this work a compact electro-permeabilization system for controlled treatment of biological c...

An odor-stimulated adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] is thought to mediate olfactory transduction in vertebrates. However, it is not known whether the adenylate cyclase serves this function for all odorants or for only certain classes of odorants. To investigate this question, we have compared the abilities of 35 odorants to stimulate the adenylate cyclase and ...

This study was performed to investigate the variables that influence chlorobenzene (CB) degradation in aqueous solution by electro-heterogeneous catalysis. The effects of current density, pH, and electrolyte concentration on CB degradation were determined. The degradation efficiency of CB was almost 100% with an initial CB concentration of 50 mg/L, current density 15 mA/cm2, initial pH 10, elec...