Synchronous machines installed in recently developed small-scale hydro power plants in Norway have relatively high values of the synchronous reactances, as well as the sub-transient and transient reactances. Typical synchronous reactance is 2 – 2.5 pu, but values up to 3.1 pu are experienced, which is 3 times the typical values for larger low-speed synchronous generators (with salient poles). H...

In low-to-medium power generating sets, a self-powered brushless excitation system is typically employed. This solution cost-effective, simple and compact, but it suffers from an unreliable voltage build-up at start-up, slow dynamic response relatively low efficiency for the exciter. The push towards more effective, reliable efficient products has recently led to consider systems equipped with ...

This chapter provides an introduction to the modeling and control of power generation from wind turbine systems. In modeling, the focus is on the electrical components: electrical machine (e.g. permanent-magnet synchronous generators), back-to-back converter (consisting of machine-side and grid-side converter sharing a common DC-link), mains filters and ideal (balanced) power grid. The aerodyna...

Renewable energy sources (RESs) are generally connected to the grid through power electronic interfaces, which generate electrical instantaneously with little inertia. With increasing penetration of RESs, will gradually develop into a low inertia and underdamped system, results in serious frequency stabilization problems. The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is an emerging technology that mi...