The paper present’s a survey of the wheel vehicles drives with electric and hybrid drive system. For electric and hybrid vehicle applications, wheels motor and magnetic circuits cutting motor drives, represented a new attractive solution for their lightness and compactness. The wheels are directly driven by the electric motor, and the gears are not necessary anymore. An alternating solution of ...

Estimation and control of wheel slip is a critical consideration in preventing loss traction, minimizing power consumptions, reducing soil disturbance. An approach to estimation control, which robust sensor noises modeling imperfection, has been investigated this study. The proposed method uses simplified form wheels longitudinal dynamic the measurement vehicle speeds estimate optimum slip. for...