An electro-rheological fluid is a material in which a particulate solid is suspended in an electrically non-conducting fluid such as oil. On the application of an electric field, the viscosity and other material properties undergo dramatic and significant changes. In this paper, the particulate imbedded fluid is considered as a homogeneous continuum. I t is assumed that the Cauchy stress depend...

With global demand rising faster than availability, fresh water is quickly becoming a limited resource. In fact, the United Nations estimates one third of the world s population is living in water-stressed regions, and by 2025 this number is expected to double. Seawater desalination is an attractive solution to this problem because seawater accounts for more than 97% of the world s water supply...

Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling is achieved primarily through magnetic field-aligned currents. Such currents are difficult to measure directly and are usually inferred from satellite magnetometer recordings or from groundbased measurements of the divergence of ionospheric electric fields. The latter technique requires a knowledge of the ionospheric conductance distribution. Although it is pos...

The electric quadrupole interaction of Ir sI ­ 1; T1y2 ­ 41.5 hd in a Fe single crystal was measured for magnetization parallel to the crystallographic [100], [110], and [111] axes. Contrary to all previous experiments, a strong dependence of the electric field gradient on the direction of the magnetization with respect to the crystallographic axes was observed for the first time. [S0031-9007(9...

We discuss for tetrahedratic phases a number of cross-coupling terms not considered before and we analyse their macroscopic physical consequences. In particular we show that if a tetrahedratic phase is acted on by an electric field that is perpendicular to a temperature gradient, an electric current perpendicular to both forces results. We also demonstrate that spatial variations of the tetrahe...

In ultra high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF MRI), the complex interaction of the electromagnetic wave used for excitation with the dielectric load of the human body results in spatially varying magnetic and electric fields that are highly dependent on intersubject anatomical variations. Based on these spatially varying, subject-dependent magnetic and electric field maps, we must design ...

Objective(s): Since the electric field is the main driving force in electrospinning systems, the modeling and analysis of electric field distribution are critical to the nanofibers production. The aim of this study was modeling of the electric field and investigating the various parameters on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers morphology and diameter. Methods:</st...

We exploit theoretically the occurrence and tunability of photonic Bloch oscillations (PBOs) in one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) containing nonlinear composites. Because of the enhanced third-order nonlinearity (Kerr-type nonlinearity) of composites, photons undergo oscillations inside tilted photonic bands, which are achieved by the application of graded external-pump electric fields on...

We investigate the structure and phase behavior of the Stockmayer fluid in the presence of nonuniform electric fields using molecular simulation. We find that an initially homogeneous vapor phase undergoes a local phase separation in a nonuniform field due to the combined effect of the field gradient and the fluid vapor-liquid equilibrium. This results in a high-density fluid condensing in the ...

DNA molecules can be manipulated in aqueous solution in a manner analogous to optical trapping. Due to the induction of an electric dipole, DNA molecules are pulled by a gradient force to regions of high electric field strength. Molecules can be locally trapped in an oscillating field using strips of very thin gold film to generate strong electric fields with steep gradients. Spatial control ov...