This paper presents a finite element formulation of elasticity to model elastic fracture in composites with long aligned fibers. We have employed a B-bar type approach which is applicable to compressible as well as nearly incompressible material systems. An energy approach is undertaken to evaluate the stress intensity factor at the crack tip. The effects of strong intact bridging fibers, fiber...

The importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vascular regeneration is becoming increasingly recognized. However, few in vitro studies have been performed to identify the effects of environmental elasticity on the differentiation of MSC into vascular cell types. Electrospinning and photopolymerization techniques were used to fabricate a three-dimensional (3-D) polyethylene glycol dimethacry...

Abstract The Kaldor-Verdoorn law refers to a positive but less than one-for-one causal relationship between the growth rates of output and labour productivity. While empirical research has found that coefficient lies 0 1, interpretation this finding remains unclear. In paper, we present model derive law. Our results show is jointly determined by elasticity factor substitution, supply elasticity...

The protein titin functions as a mechanical spring conferring passive elasticity to muscle. Force spectroscopy studies have shown that titin exhibits several regimes of elasticity. Disordered segments bring about a soft, entropic spring-type elasticity; secondary structures of titin's immunoglobulin-like (Ig-) and fibronectin type III-like (FN-III) domains provide a stiff elasticity. In this st...

Holographic methods are utilized to examine deviations from classical elasticity in a cellular solid, polymethacrylamide closed cell foam. A square cross section bar is subjected to static torsional deformation. The warp deformation is observed to be less in a foam bar than in a homogeneous polymeric bar used as a control. The homogeneous bar obeys the predictions of classical elasticity. Behav...

market volatility remains one of the most important research fields in agricultural economics.interestingly, price transmission mechanism seems to be symmetric in sectors that are likely to be of high political power.this paper analyzes the price transmission effects from international markets to domestic markets for corn in iran. for this purpose, we estimate the elasticity of substitution bet...

introduction: based on the invasive studies it has been shown that factors such as age, the progress of eye disorders, lens fibers compression and the biochemical changes of ocular matrix alter the physical characteristics and elastic properties of eye. in this study, a noninvasive method of estimating human eye elasticityis proposed and its relation with age and gender is evaluated using ultra...

Quasicrystals can carry, in addition to the classical phonon displacement field, a phason displacement field, which requires a generalized theory of elasticity. In this paper, the third-order strain invariants (including phason strain) of icosahedral quasicrystals are determined. They are connected with 20 independent third-order elastic constants. By means of non-linear elasticity, phason stra...

This paper examines the smoking behavior in China using the urban data set from the 1995 Chinese Household Income Study. We investigate the two parts of elasticity through employing two main models. We find the estimate of overall cigarette price elasticity is –0.654 by combining the estimates of participation elasticity and conditional elasticity. The result implies that people still care abou...

Incorporating a household’s net sale status into a rearranged Slutsky equation with combined ordinary and endowment income effects, this paper aims to reinterpret the income elasticity of demand in the case of buying and selling and to associate it with types of goods in a novel manner. To this end, the Deaton’s (1989) net benefit ratio (NBR) approach is expressed as the difference between orig...