Dendritic spines form and grow during hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In this issue of Neuron, a new study by Park et al. uses both serial reconstruction electron microscopy and time-lapse imaging to show that plasma membrane for such spine expansion is trafficked from recycling endosomes that reside locally at the spines themselves.

We show how to transform any inequality defining a facet of some 0/1-polytope into an inequality defining a facet of the acyclic subgraph polytope. While this facet-recycling procedure can potentially be used to construct ‘nasty’ facets, it can also be used to better understand and extend the polyhedral theory of the acyclic subgraph and linear ordering problems.

Hardwood KP bleaching effluents, before (influent) and after (effluent) biological treatment, were characterized and compared to identify the main bio-recalcitrant organic compounds in the effluent. The results indicate that biological treatment reduces CODcr and BOD5 by 67% and 88%, respectively. However, various bio-recalcitrant organic compounds were still retained in the biologically-treate...

“why” mind-set. We are particularly interested in your thoughts about recycling. In particular, we are interested in your thoughts about why you would recycle. For example, what are the underlying reasons for recycling, for what purpose would you recycle, etc.? Please take some time below to explain why you would go about recycling.

ammonia (nh3) and nitrite (no2) toxic chemicals which resulted from fish culture, especially in intensive fish culture systems. to evaluate the efficiency of green algae scenedesmus quadricauda in ammonia and nitrite removal from intensive fish farm effluent and also its application as suitable culture medium for s. quadricauda , effluent water samples were collected from rainbow trout farm. si...

Adsorption of poliovirus from primary sewage effluent was similar to that from secondary sewage effluent in both batch soil studies and experiments with soil columns 240 cm long. Virus desorption by distilled water was also similar in a soil column that had been flooded with either primary or secondary effluent seeded with virus. These results indicated that absorption of poliovirus from primar...

We show that modified versions of the linear congruential generator and the shift register generator are provably good for amplifying the correctness of a probabilistic algorithm. More precisely, if r random bits are needed for a BPP algorithm to be correct with probability at least 2/3, then O(r + k) bits are needed to improve this probability to 1 − 2−k. We also present a different pseudo-ran...

Our understanding of how genetic changes underlie the evolution of traits is growing fast. Two new studies now show that changes in the same genetic loci can drive the evolution of the same trait in multiple Drosophila species.