Considering the increasing trend for ectopic pregnancies in the world and different reports on its complications and the fate of the following pregnancies, this study was performed to determine the relationship between these factors in referrals of the hospitals of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 1991 to 1996. The cohort strategy of this research study was carried out on 2...

Background: The innate immune system is our first line of defense against invading pathogens. Toll–like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as a key role in mediating the function of innate immune system which bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immunity. For example, TLR2 is able to act as a homodimer to recognize lipoteichoic acids of Gram-positive bacteria but as a heterodimer with...

Background Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, can cause severe pelvic pain. Studies demonstrated the presence of sensory nerve fibers in endometrium of endometriosis patient. Nevertheless, no information is available on mechanisms of sensory nerve formation in eutopic or ectopic lesions. Since HOX genes have important roles in both reproductive tract and nerve growth, we decided t...

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that is secreted by accumulated active macrophages in ectopic tissue of endometriosis. MIF is involved in pathophysiological events of endometriosis, such as angiogenesis and cell proliferation. MIF that stimulates the synthesis of PGE2, leads to over-expression of local estradiol synthesis in endometrio...

gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformations and they may vary greatly in presentation, size, location and symptoms. the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa (egm) in them is not common and they are difficult to diagnose prior to surgery. we present the case of a child with long intestinal duplication with ectopic gastric mucosa who presented with just severe anaemia and delaye...

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening emergency which one of the important cause maternal morbidity and mortality in early pregnancy. must be suspected any woman reproductive age group, presenting with lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding. It great importance to diagnose condition prevent complications. The aim study review all cases ectopic determine incidence, high risk fact...

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside the endometrial cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tube [1]. The exact incidence of ectopic pregnancy is difficult to determine. Traditional methods of measuring rates of ectopic pregnancy, such as the use of hospital records, are no longer accurate due to the increasing numbers of ectopic pregnancies managed in outpatient set...

March 2010 Ectopic pregnancy is a major health problem for women of childbearing age and a leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the first trimester. Untreated, ectopic pregnancy can lead to massive hemorrhage, infertility and death. With the advent of high-resolution transvaginal sonography, in conjunction with serum assays for the ß-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG), rapid...

Abstract The ectopic molar pregnancy is rare pathology, with anatomopathological diagnosis. Management and follow-up are similar to algorithm of intrauterus.