Abstract— The emerging corona virus (Covid-19) has become at the forefront of scene around us world, after disease swept all over earth, causing high numbers deaths and infections, it continues to expand terribly across countries without stopping or finding a drug that can stop finally in an effective form yet. For sure emergence spread this rapid way effectively strongly affected people, comme...

Very early in the evolution of e-commerce, predictions were made that a significant degree of disintermediation would occur, i.e., that middlemen would be eliminated from the value chain through the use of the Internet. The reasoning was as follows. The economic benefit of middlemen, or intermediaries, is that they reduce transaction costs for functions that are outside the firm (Coase, 1937). ...

e-commerce that has undergone an increasing trend in recent years has been regarded as the modern method for transfer of information and economic exchange.   this phenomenon brings about massive changes in most of relations between various economic institutions. such changes have also occurred in tax systems. hence, the present research aims to investigate effect of e-commerce on tax structure ...

lack of trust is one of the key bottle necks in e-commerce development. nowadays many advanced technologies are trying to address the trust issues in e-commerce. one among them suggests using suitable user interfaces. this paper investigates the functionality and capabilities of 3d graphical user interfaces in regard to trust building in the customers of next generation of b2c e-commerce websit...

the implementation of inter-organizational systems like business- to- business e-commerce (b2b e-commerce)  is being categorized as a system with high degree of difficulty since it involves complexity of the multiple relationships and interactions between trading partners. companies need to consider their own strengths and weaknesses before making decisions to explore new b2b e-commerce without...

the major problem of wind turbines is the great variability of wind power production. the dynamic change of the wind speed returns the quantity of the power injected to networks. therefore, wind–thermal generation scheduling problem plays a key role to implement clean power producers in a competitive environment. in deregulated power systems, the scheduling problem has various objectives than i...

This paper describes the chaotic monetary environment of medieval and early modern Europe. The poor quality of the coinage was a result both of problems with the supply of bullion and with deficiencies of monetary policy. The paper examines the supply and demand of bullion and the determinants of bullion flows. It then discusses the economics and politics of debasement. It concludes with a desc...

1 Subject Matter of the Course Game theory is the theory of competitions. It is based on the premise that the competitors act selfishly and rationally. In many applications, it is important to understand or even predict the behavior of selfish players and the outcomes of competitions. Game theory is a mathematical field and particularly used in economics, science, and engineering. Computer scie...

This research empirically examines supply chain structure, price competition, and supply chain performance using data obtained from the GSA’s Federal Supply Service. The preliminary results show positive relationships between supply chain performance and implementation of electronic commerce initiatives to support both transaction and distribution channels. The potential contributions of the re...

Introduction As the advent of nearly ubiquitous information infrastructures promotes the development of electronic commerce applications, new electronic market intermediaries are emerging which bring significant changes in the economics of marketing and distribution channels by interposing themselves between suppliers and consumers in electronic marketplaces (Rayport and Sviokla 1994). On the o...