The Research and Information System for the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (RIS) is an autonomous research institution established with the financial support of the Government of India. RIS is India’s contribution to the fulfilment of the long-felt need of the developing world for creating a ‘Think Tank’ on global issues in the field of international economic relations and developme...

This paper conceptualises an East European type of populism that I call post-peasant. It originated in state-socialist modernisation and mobilises people who are not peasants, but nevertheless value the countryside as morally superior to a life large cities. My major contention is post-peasant emerges under specific cultural-economic conditions, among which institution ‘post-peasant house’ para...

This paper is to study the resource curse applying annual data from 2002 to 2016 for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members i.e. Algeria, Iran, Kuwait, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. For this purpose, there were concerned the interactions role of resource abundance and institution quality, and their marginal effect of the countrie...

Elements of an economic theory of political institutions are introduced. A variety of electoral systems are reviewed. Cox's threshold is shown to measure incentives for diversity and specialization of candidates' positions, when the number of serious candidates is given. Duverger's law and its generalizations are discussed, to predict the number of serious candidates. Duverger's law is interpre...

Urban transportation has become a planner's quagmire in a war that seemingly cannot be won. America's highways are jammed at rush hour, causing infuriating delays. Bus service, never fast, has deteriorated over the years, while fares have risen. Pressures to expand rail service to outlying areas remain strong, even though current rail operations cannot attract enough riders to cover more than a...