Rawls is one of the most important philosophers in American and Western thought 20th century. His main theoretical contributions are reappropriation social contract natural law doctrines political philosophy, a comprehensive exposition his basic theory "justice as fairness," profound criticism utilitarianism. The two principles justice that he repeatedly discusses highlight equality citizens sh...

the present article aims at drawing inferences from the holy verses of the qur’ān that are useful in cognitive treatment of depression disorder. the lawful inference of these doctrines takes place on the basis of verbal contexts of speech such as emphatic words and conventional meaning of the words as well as allegorical interpretation (ta’wīl) of speech on the basis of the rule for the biparti...

Quelques récentes invitations à participer des colloques où le directeur d’études a proposé communications fondées sur sources hagiographiques l’ont conduit reprendre un dossier lequel il avait eu l’occasion de travailler naguère pour mémoire membre l’École française Rome. Le bollandiste Hippolyte Delehaye (1859‑1941) proposa dénommer « légendier romain » une collection uniquement composée pass...

Discussions of branching time and branching spacetime have become common in the philosophical literature. If properly understood, these conceptions can be harmless. But they are sometimes used in the service of debatable and even downright pernicious doctrines. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the pernicious branching and prune it back.

When Professor Martin Redish condemned abstention doctrines as violating norms of “institutional legitimacy,” he provoked an informative debate, but one that has largely subsided. This Essay revisits the once-heated debate about abstention’s legitimacy, clarifies its terms, and identifies its stakes. The legitimacy question is not whether abstention decisions are legally correct, but whether ap...

Recent historiography of 19th century biology supports the revision of two traditional doctrines about the history of biology. First, the most important and widespread biological debate around the time of Darwin was not evolution versus creation, but biological functionalism versus structuralism. Second, the “idealist” and “typological” structuralist theories of the time were not particularly a...