1. introduction any development with any quantity or quality degree has particular environmental impacts. human manipulation in natural environment does not necessarily mean making changes in initial environment. continuity of human action in the changing natural conditions, which could eventually disrupt the balance of existing environment or causes unintended and unforeseen consequences as cu...

firefighting profession is one of the most stressful occupations; in each mission, firefighters are exposed to harmful factors, including the stress due to the driving, traffic, to see heartbreaking scenes, and so on. occupational stress is one of the factors affecting at increased risk of mental and physical problems in the job. the main objective of this study was to determine the effects of ...

Informal settlement as a global urban phenomenon encounters different social, physical and economic shortcomings. These fabrics especially in cities of the global south experience an escalating gap with developed urban areas. In this regard, faltering economy plays a major contribution in continuity of poverty and exclusion. In Iran, Empowerment plan could not lead to favorable and stable resul...

Governance Institutions and Economic Activity By AVINASH DIXIT The concept of “governance” has risen from obscurity to buzzword status in just three decades. EconLit shows only 5 mentions of the word governance in the 1970s; by the end of 2008, it was mentioned 33,177 times. The much more specific phrase “economic governance” has appeared 192 times; its more popular cousin, “corporate governanc...

The critical problem of medical errors and the associated costs has recently been increasingly in the focus of attention of a number of world renowned experts. In the present article we review in detail and analyse the economic aspects of this problem. A methodology to assess the cost of medical errors and an algorithm for their prevention are presented. The cost of a medical error and the expe...

The leading causes of mortality worldwide are chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs); cardiovascular disease (17 million), followed by cancer (7.6 million), respiratory disease (4.2 million) and diabetes (1.3 million) (1). The newly published Global Burden of Disease Study (2010) has systematically highlighted the epidemiological shift in morbidity and mortality resulting from infectious dise...

Realization of satisfaction in residential environments is shaped by several factors; one of these factors is the economic elements of the city. Economic indicators, along with other factors such as physical, cultural, social, etc., is effective on the inhabitants’ assess of their place of residence and it is introduced as one of the effective factors on the motivations of households to move fr...

assess the ecological effects of economic activity on the water, earth and man in the iranian economy approach using input - output tablewater is a vital resource for each biological and economic phenomenon. water is considered as a production input. production is not possible without water in all economic sectors. also, the environment including air, soil, fauna and plants utilize water in the...