This paper models the unemployment effects of restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, embodying two of the most significant types of short term economic imperfections that generate unemployment: sectoral rigidities in labor mobility and sectoral rigidities in wage adjustments. A labor policy is also analyzed that would reduce the direct negative economic effects of the emissions restrictions....

This research investigated the effectiveness of IPM/FFS project from economic, technical, social-communicative, environmental and psychological aspects in a descriptive-correlational design based on the survey method. The research population consisted of 70 greenhouse producers that had implemented IPM/FFS project in Tehran and Alborz provinces, Iran. Using Krejcie and Morgan (1970)'s sample si...

Theoretical and empirical aspects of policy failures due to subsidies are discussed in the context of international trade. A general classification of subsidies that cause environmental externalities is presented. The economic and environmental impacts of producer subsidies on international trade are examined with partial equilibrium analysis. The magnitude and economic and environmental releva...

This study aims to evaluate energy, economic, and environmental performances of seven categories of biodiesel feedstocks by using the mixed-unit input-output life cycle assessment method. Various feedstocks have different environmental performances, indicating potential environmental problem-shift. Jatropha seed, castor seed, waste cooking oil, and waste extraction oil are preferred feedstocks ...

the economic and market value of environmental goods and services are hidden. among the conventional methods of valuing and economic pricing the environmental amenities, one is hedonic pricing method (hpm) which in terms of economic point of view is based on the hypothesis that people usually determine their environmental consumption preference levels through choosing their houses. therefore, i...

A comprehensive assessment of drought environmental and socio-economic impacts provides critical information to rational decisions supporting drought mitigation policies and programs. The objectives of this study were to survey environmental and socio-economic impacts of drought in Guilan Province, and prioritize them from the viewpoint of paddy farmers. This study was a descriptive-correlation...

this study attempts to investigate the relationship between pollution and economic growth for two groups of countries according to environmental kuznets curve hypothesis for a sample of 24 developing countries and 26 oecd countries over the period 1980 - 2005. then, we examine this hypothesis using modern econometrics techniques including panel co-integration and panel unit-root. the panel data...

In a general classification, the economy of any country is divided into two parts of official and invisible economies. Invisible activities drop outside the scope of the law and official economy and strongly affect socioeconomic development and the formal sector of all countries.These activities which are known under various titles including the shadow economy are influenced by various factors....