BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root growth and development are closely dependent upon nitrate supply in the growth medium. To unravel the mechanism underlying dependence of root growth on nitrate, an examination was made of whether endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is involved in nitrate-dependent growth of primary roots in maize. METHODS Maize seedlings grown in varying concentrations of nitrate for 7 d wer...

Microarray and RNA gel blot analyses were performed to identify Arabidopsis genes that responded to nitrate at both low (250 microM) and high (5 to 10 mM) nitrate concentrations. Genes involved directly or indirectly with nitrite reduction were the most highly induced by nitrate. Most of the known nitrate-regulated genes (including those encoding nitrate reductase, the nitrate transporter NRT1,...

This study examined changes of rumen fermentation, ruminal bacteria biodiversity and abundance caused by nitrate addition with Ion Torrent sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Three rumen-fistulated steers were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, and 2% nitrate (dry matter %) in succession. Nitrate supplementation linearly increased total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentr...

Several different cellular processes determine the size of the metabolically available nitrate pool in the cytoplasm. These processes include not only ion fluxes across the plasma membrane and tonoplast but also assimilation by the activity of nitrate reductase (NR). In roots, the maintenance of cytosolic nitrate activity during periods of nitrate starvation and resupply (M. van der Leij, S.J. ...

Nitrite and nitrate restore deficient endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production as they are converted back to NO, and therefore complement the classic enzymatic NO synthesis. Circulating nitrate and nitrite must cross membrane barriers to produce their effects and increased nitrate concentrations may attenuate the nitrite influx into cells, decreasing NO generation from nitrite. Moreover, xanthin...

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) XD cells containing nitrate and nitrate reductase stopped producing nitrite after approximately 1 hour when incubated under anaerobic conditions. The cessation of nitrite production was not due to an inactivation of the nitrate reducing system. This was shown by the ability of the cells to resume anaerobic nitrite production at a rate similar to the ini...

Nitrate has been shown to shunt the electron flow in Clostridium thermoaceticum from CO2 to nitrate, but it did not influence the levels of enzymes involved in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (J. M. Fröstl, C. Seifritz, and H. L. Drake, J. Bacteriol. 178:4597-4603, 1996). Here we show that under some growth conditions, nitrate does in fact repress proteins involved in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The...

Intertrigo is a superficial inflammatory dermatitis occurring on two closely opposed skin surfaces as a result of moisture, friction, and lack of ventilation. Bodily secretions, including perspiration, urine, and feces, often exacerbate skin inflammation. Physical examination of skin folds reveals regions of erythema with peripheral scaling. Excessive friction and inflammation can cause skin br...

The allylamine derivative terbinafine is the first antifungal agent with primary fungicidal properties against dermatophytes which acts systemically after oral application as well as locally after topical application. Comparative oral studies carried out with griseofulvin and ketoconazole in model infections such as guinea pig trichophytosis and microsporosis revealed terbinafine to be superior...

The aim of this study was to test separation possibility of enantiomers of nine active substances belonging to imidazole derivatives: bifonazole, butoconazole, econazole, enilconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, miconazole, sertaconazole and tioconazole. The study was performed using HPLC method and the CHI- RALCEL OJ column (10 gm; 250 x 4.6 mm), the mobile phase flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and d...