BACKGROUND Measuring eCo is rapid, non-invasive and inexpensive tool and correlate correctly with carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the increase in end tidal carbon monoxide (eCO) levels in exhaled breath of passive smokers and healthy smokers after cigarette and shisha smoking. FINDINGS In a cross sectional study eCO levels were measured in ...

The theoretical underpinnings of various analyses of the social dimensions of ecosystem management are closely related to our mental models of human-nature relations. This article presents examples of eco-and anthropocentric, inter-disciplinary and complex system mind maps of human-nature relations. It shows that the interpretation of the social dimension in ecosystem management in each mind ma...

AbstractCellular concrete is an alternative to conventional as a low-density and high-insulating building material. The eco-cellular concretes (ECCs) based on geopolymer technology have be...

We have generalized our “unified” model of evolutionary ecology by taking into account the possible movements of the organisms from one “patch” to another within the same eco-system. We model the spatial extension of the eco-system (i.e., the geography) by a square lattice where each site corresponds to a distinct “patch”. A self-organizing hierarchical food web describes the prey-predator rela...

With the increasing awareness of sustainability, eco-design has been an important trend in the fashion industry. Many fashion brands such as Nike, Adidas, and The North Face have developed sustainable fashion by incorporating eco-design elements. Eco-design is an important part of sustainable supply chains. In this paper, we conducted a product line analysis of eco-designed products from a famo...

This paper investigates the potential for eco-certification to improve livelihoods and conserve biodiversity in tropical countries, using the example of a traditional rubber agroforestry practice in Indonesia. Eco-certification has the potential to allow farmers to generate revenue streams by marketing environmental benefits of their practices. However, in the years since eco-certification firs...

This paper presents a novel approach for object detection using a feature construction method called Evolution-COnstructed (ECO) features. Most other object recognition approaches rely on human experts to construct features. ECO features are automatically constructed by uniquely employing a standard genetic algorithm to discover series of transforms that are highly discriminative. Using ECO fea...