The British race can claim with every truth that it has conferred many benefits upon this country; had it conferred no other than the gift of western medicine, the people of the sub-continent might still rise up and call it blessed. Of all the blessings which western medicine has been able to confer, none are surpassed by those which originate from the work of Sir Ronald Ross, k.c.b., k.c.m.g.,...

in this paper, a supplier-retailer transportation system is investigated as a two-echelon environment. there is a single location in each echelon; the unique supplier at the first echelon has to replenish the retailer's warehouse at the second echelon. by the way, the shortage situation should be avoided. for this situation, a model is provided based on the traditional eoq model. the inven...

Transshipment, the sharing of inventory among parties at the same echelon level of a supply chain, can be used to reduce costs. The effectiveness of transshipment is in part determined by the configuration of the transshipment network. We introduce chain configurations in transshipment settings, where every party is linked in one connected loop. Under simplifying assumptions we show analyticall...

This paper, studies the coordination of two-echelon supply chains using a credit (delayed) payment option and/or a wholesale price discount offer. We develop models for optimizing individual members’, as well as supply chain’s objectives. These models lead to the determination of the retail price and the order quantity for the buyer, as well as the production batch size, wholesale discount and/...

In this paper we study the coordination of the two-echelon supply chain using credit and quantity discount options. We determine the retail price, order quantity for the buyer, and the setup frequency, credit period for the supplier in four different scenarios (with or without coordination and with or without credit option). And we suggest a policy that incorporates both quantity discount and c...

Associated with any matrix, there are four fundamental subspaces: the column space, row space, (right) null space, and left null space. We describe a single computation that makes readily apparent bases for all four of these subspaces. Proofs of these results rely only on matrix algebra, not properties of dimension. A corollary is the equality of column rank and row rank. Bringing a matrix to r...