According to traditional concepts, ascites formation and portal hypertension in cirrhosis lead to a deficit in the 'effective' extracellular fluid (ECF) and blood volumes respectively. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system is thus stimulated and the kidneys retain fluid as a homeostatic mechanism to restore the ECF and blood volumes. Recent studies, however, show that approximately two...

Bacillus subtilis harbors seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors. At least three ECF sigma factors (sigma(M), sigma(W), and sigma(X)) are induced by, and provide resistance to, antibiotics and other agents eliciting cell envelope stress. Here, we report that ECF sigma factors also contribute to antibiotic production. B. subtilis 168 strains that are lysogenic for the SPbeta bacteri...

The ability of bacteria to adapt to stress depends on the conditional expression of specific sets of genes. Bacillus subtilis encodes seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma (σ) factors that regulate functions important for survival under conditions eliciting cell envelope stress. Of these, four have been studied in detail: σM, σW, σX and σV. These four σ factors recognize overlapping sets ...

BACKGROUND Deficits in several aspects of executive cognitive functioning (ECF) have been consistently associated with alcohol use disorders. Most of this research, however, has been conducted in alcohol dependent patient samples. A handful of recent studies, primarily in college students, have also reported similar deficits, but little is known about the effects of heavy drinking in adult, non...

A total of 90 animals was immunized against East Coast fever (ECF) using Theileria parva (Marikebuni) stock on three large-scale farms in Kiminini Division, Trans-Nzoia District, North Rift, Kenya. Another 90 cattle served as non-immunized controls. Following immunization the number of cattle with significant indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titres increased from 43.9% to 84.4% and 6.7% of t...

• A review of electrocoagulation for a range pollutants. Electrode processes depend upon the electrode material. pollutant removal mechanisms can occur. Emerging challenges are system design and modeling. Electrocoagulation (EC) electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) widespread interest owing to their effectiveness simultaneous abatement broad pollutants in drinking waste waters, but capability var...

in this study, different methods of separating of the microalgae from the culture medium as one of the most important and expensive steps in achieving commercial production of biodiesel from microalgae was investigated. electro coagulation-flotation (ecf) was preferred among these methods due to its process simplicity and capability to scale up. the effect of three parameters, i.e., initial ph,...

The body is comprised of solids and water; the proportion of water changes according to age. Total body water (TBW) is divided between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and the extracellular fluid (ECF), separated by cell membrane. The ECF can be further subdivided into water within the intravascular space (IVS) and the interstitial space (ISS), separated by capillary membrane. The biggest change i...

background: gastric cancer is an important health problem across the world. chemotherapy in combination with local treatment is standard treatment for locally advanced gastroesophageal cancers. the purpose of this investigation was evaluation of response and tolerability to neoadjuvant eox regimen in locoregionally advanced gastric cancer. materials and methods: patients with locoregionally adv...