We pursue accurate numerical techniques to obtain theoretical seismic waves for realistic three dimensional (3-D) Earth models using Spectral-Element Method. We have tried to solve forward problem, that is, to calculate synthetic seismic waveform for fully 3-D Earth model. We introduce a heterogeneous region at Earth's core-mantle boundary by combining a small, strongly anomalous region to a la...

Thermal conductivity of mantle materials controlling the heat balance and thermal evolution of the Earth remains poorly constrained as the available experimental and theoretical techniques are limited in probing minerals under the relevant conditions. We report measurements of thermal conductivity of MgO at high pressure up to 60 GPa and 300 K via diamond anvil cells using the time-domain therm...

Roughly 40% of the Earth's total heat flow is powered by radioactive decays in the crust and mantle. Geo-neutrinos produced by these decays provide important clues about the origin, formation and thermal evolution of our planet, as well as the composition of its interior. Previous measurements of geo-neutrinos have all relied on the detection of inverse beta decay reactions, which are insensiti...

Several models exist to describe the growth and evolution of Earth; however, variables such as the type of precursor materials, extent of mixing, and material loss during accretion are poorly constrained. High-precision palladium-silver isotope data show that Earth's mantle is similar in 107Ag/109Ag to primitive, volatile-rich chondrites, suggesting that Earth accreted a considerable amount of ...

a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan b Géosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2 and CNRS, Cc 060, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France c Institute of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan d Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA e Dep...

Magnesiowüstite [(Mg,Fe)O] is the second most abundant mineral of Earth's lower mantle. Understanding its stability under lower mantle conditions is crucial for interpreting the physical and chemical properties of the whole Earth. Previous studies in an externally heated diamond anvil cell suggested that magnesiowüstites decompose into two components, Fe-rich and Mg-rich magnesiowüstites at 86 ...

Thermal conductivity of the Earth's lower mantle greatly impacts the mantle convection style and affects the heat conduction from the core to the mantle. Direct laboratory measurement of thermal conductivity of mantle minerals remains a technical challenge at the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions relevant to the lower mantle, and previously estimated values are extrapolated from low P-T dat...