This study develops a theoretical model and presents empirical evidence on crosssectional variation in managers’ choice of AEM and REM. In particular, it studies how AEM and REM are jointly affected by firms’ growth prospects, managers’ market-based compensation incentives, and the cost of real earnings management. The model yields several testable hypotheses. First, when the firm’s growth pros...

This paper analyzes capital structure between the internationalized and domestic electronic industries in Taiwan from 1999 to 2008 as the reference for financing strategies and decision. The evidence shows that the leverage and the payout cash dividend ratio in the internationalized electronic firms are lower than those in domestic electronic firms. Due to the uniqueness and the high profit abi...

This study examines the impact of the implementation of the Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies in China (the Code) in 2002 on constraining earnings management in Chinese listed firms. We find the magnitudes of both discretionary accruals and related-party transactions in Chinese listed firms decrease significantly after the promulgation of the 2002 Code, and moreover, the Code is...

We describe a competitive model of worker turnover and labor earnings that is consistent with features of labor markets often used to motivate non-competitive models. In our model, as in the data, observationally identical workers earn different wages in different firms and industries. This is because workers employed in firms more likely to survive devote more time to human capital accumulatio...

In this paper, I consider a dynamic trade-off model of financing with difference in beliefs between the manager and investors. In the model, investors update more readily on earnings announcements than the manager does. The model offers a parsimonious treatment of endogenous financing, payout, and cash policies. The model generates a broad set of well-documented empirical facts that are difficu...