The most common clinical presentation of mucormycosis is rhino-orbital-cerebral infection, which is supposed to begin with inhalation of spores into the paranasal sinuses of a vulnerable host. Hyperglycemia, with an associated metabolic acidosis, is the most common underlying state.1 The hallmarks of spread outside the sinuses are tissue necrosis of the palate.1,2 We present a 57-year-old man a...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen associated with otitis media. To examine the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in the middle ear, wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and TLR2-deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 x 10(6) CFU) through the tympanic membrane. Nineteen of 37 TLR2(-/-) mice sh...

Teratomas are tumors originated from mature or immature tissues. Teratomas are made up of one embryonic layer or all three embryonic layers (endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm). Herein we report a 41-year-old man who presented with vertigo, vomiting, and tinnitus. After physical examination, laboratory evaluation and performing computed tomography, cholesteatoma was diagnosed, however, during radi...

BACKGROUND Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, also known as autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare clinical entity characterized by progressive and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss often accompanied by vestibular symptoms. Diagnosis is essential as a consistent number of patients show a positive response to steroids alone or in association with other immunosuppressive drugs. AIED...

Scutellariae radix, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has long been applied in traditional formulations and modern herbal medications. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) in follicles can trigger inflammation and lead to the symptom of inflammatory acnes vulgaris. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Scutellariae radix extract and purified components isolated from it on inflammati...

BACKGROUND Trilostane was identified in an in vivo screen of compounds in a lipopolysaccharide model of inflammation to support a repurposing effort. There is no previous documentation of any anti-inflammatory effects of trilostane. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate the novel pharmacologic activity of trilostane in a series of inflammation and nociception signal-finding models....

Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) has been widely used in Mexico as a food and for the treatment of different health disorders such as inflammation and skin aging. Its biological properties have been attributed to different phytochemicals such as the isorhamnetin glycosides which are the most abundant flavonoids. Moreover, these compounds are considered a chemotaxonomic characteristic of OFI species. ...