To the Editor: Anemia has recently become an important issue in patients with heart failure, and in the January 21, 2003 issue of Circulation, 3 studies relating to this subject were published.1–3 In one of these studies, Ezekowitz et al1 showed that anemia is common and is an independent prognostic marker for mortality in community-based patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To determi...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of antibody-producing clonal plasma cells. The mean life expectancy of patients has remained at o3 years during the past few decades. The introduction of a new generation drug regimens including an immunomodulatory agent such as lenalidomide (LEN) or a proteasome inhibitor such as bortezomib (BORT) used alone or in combination with classical anti...

A new method is proposed to examine a deep knowledge in knowledge compilers based on qualitative reasoning(QR)[1]. It is profitable if a knowledge compiler can examine a deep knowledge base to judge whether a thorough shallow knowledge can be generated or not, and can request the knowledge engineer to add some knowledge to the deep knowledge base if necessary, just like ordinary compilers check...

Dupilumab, a mAb targeting IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4R?), markedly improves disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis. However, the effect of IL-4R? blockade on dynamics circulating skin-homing T cells, which are crucial players pathologic mechanism dermatitis, has not been studied yet. In addition, it remains unknown whether dupilumab treatment induces long-lasting T- and B-cell polar...

Central MessageAortic aneurysms may occur in children and adults with congenital heart disease. An approach to surgical management of the aneurysm should be tailored underlying condition.See Commentaries on pages 963 965. Aortic condition. See root surgery patients disease was traditionally reserved for connective tissue disorders.1Vricella L.A. Cameron D.E. Valve-sparing aortic replacement ped...

Background: Prior research on the microorganisms associated with the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, has mainly been limited to culture-based identification techniques or feeding studies for aquaculture. Our objective was to identify bacteria and archaea associated with Artemia adults and encysted embryos to understand the role of microbes in the Artemia life cycle and, therefore, their impo...

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine whether contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) is preferable to computed tomographic angiography (CTA) as primary diagnostic tool in patients presenting with subarachnoid haemmorhage (SAH). When an intracranial aneurysm is the source of SAH it is of primordial importance to exclude it from circulation as soon as possible, preferably u...

Proteins are classified as members of the APOBEC family based on the occurrence of a signature amino acid sequence and its characteristic three‐dimensional fold known as a zinc‐dependent deaminase domain (ZDD). This domain enables APOBEC proteins to bind nucleic acids and in most cases, deaminate cytidines. The ZDD coordinates a zinc atom necessary for hydrolytic deamination of cytosine or cyti...