It is the goal of this note to show that each disk in E3 contains a tame arc which intersects the boundary of D. In [l ] Bing shows that each disk in E3 contains many tame arcs. The reason that the arguments given in [l ] do not show that each disk contains a tame arc intersecting the boundary is that a disk in E3 need not lie on a closed surface in E3 [7]. This difficulty can be overcome using...

Our understanding of the mechanism by which the E3-19K protein from adenovirus (Ad) targets major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules for retention in the endoplasmic reticulum is derived largely from studies of Ad serotype 2 (subgroup C). It is not well understood to what extent observations on the Ad2 E3-19K/MHC I association can be generalized to E3-19K proteins of other serot...

PURPOSE The initial development of conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) for cancer treatment has aimed at achieving selective replication in and killing of malignant cells. Other aspects such as the potentiation of the cytolytic capacity have also been investigated but still require new endeavors. As an extension of our prior work, we analyzed the effect of the E3 region, which includ...

An infant girl with elevated blood lactate, pyruvate, and plasma branched-chain amino acids was diagnosed with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3; dihydrolipoamide: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.1.4) deficiency. Activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and E3 from patient were 26 and 2% of controls in blood lymphocytes, and 11 and 14% in cultured skin fibroblasts, respectively. Western bl...

Pc2 is a polycomb protein, which has SUMO E3 activity for the corepressors CtBP and CtBP2. Here we demonstrate that, in vivo, Pc2 adapter function contributes to enhancement of CtBP sumoylation. Mutation of the CtBP binding site on Pc2 abolishes E3 activity toward CtBP. However, a carboxyl-terminal fragment of Pc2 that recruits both Ubc9 and CtBP lacks E3 activity. We identify a second domain, ...

Defects in ubiquitin E3 ligases are implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including cancer, because of their central role in the control of diverse signaling pathways. RING E3 ligases promote the ubiquitination of proteins that are essential to a variety of cellular events. Identification of which ubiquitin ligases specifically affect distinct cellular processes is essential...

The molecular basis of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3; dihydrolipoamide:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.1.4) deficiency in an E3-deficient patient was studied. Fibroblasts cultured from the patient contained only approximately 6% of the E3 activity of cells from a normal subject. Western and Northern blot analyses indicated that, compared to control cells, the patient's cells had a reduced amou...