To obtain comprehensive information on 17beta-estradiol (E2) sensitivity of genes that are inducible or suppressible by this hormone, we designed a method that determines ligand sensitivities of large numbers of genes by using DNA microarray and a set of simple Perl computer scripts implementing the standard metric statistics. We used it to characterize effects of low (0-100 pM) concentrations ...

The intrinsic variability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2 complicates the identification of protective antibodies. In an attempt to identify antibodies to E2 proteins from divergent HCV isolates, we produced HCV E2 recombinant proteins from individuals infected with HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b. These proteins were then used to characterize 10 human monoclonal antibod...

Posttranscriptional regulation may enhance or inhibit estrogen transcriptional control to promote proliferation of breast cancer cells. To understand how transcriptome and translational responses coordinate to drive proliferation, we determined estrogen's global and specific effects on translation regulation by comparing the genome-wide profiles of total mRNA, polysome-associated mRNA, and mono...

The physiological relevance of oestradiol (E2) on post-orchiectomy (OX) food intake control was evaluated in six adult, male, domestic, short-hair cats. Jugular venous plasma E2 and oestrone (E1) concentrations were determined weekly before OX and immediately after OX in a cross-over trial of two 3-week periods in which E2 (0.5 μg) or vehicle (0.1 ml/kg) was subcutaneously injected daily and bl...

Background: Estrogens include estoril (E3), estradiol and estrone (E1). These chemicals are produced in human and animal bodies as well as in synthetic chemicals (drugs). Estrogens can enter water sources in different ways. When these chemicals enter the human body through water and wastewater, they have the ability to mimic or disrupt the normal estrogen activities in humans and animals. Estro...

Purpose: To assess the association betweenpreoperative serum total testosterone (tT), 17b-estradiol (E2), sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), and tT–E2 ratio values with high-risk prostate cancer (as defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network practice guidelines) at radical prostatectomy. Experimental Design: Serum E2, tT, and SHBG were dosed the day before surgery (7:00–11:00 am) in...

CURRENTLY, ABOUT 66% OF ADULTS are overweight, and approximately 33% of adults are clinically obese. Excess weight is a risk factor for numerous conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, stroke, cancer, adverse reproductive outcomes, osteoarthritis, and premature death (2, 10). Obesity is associated with a systemic state of inflammation and leads to inc...

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates infect cultured Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells as efficiently as sheep kidney cells. In contrast, border disease virus (BDV) propagates poorly in MDBK cells but infects sheep cells very efficiently. The envelope glycoprotein E2 has been shown to be essential for virus infectivity. To explore the potential role of E2 in pestivirus host range i...

class Value case class NumV(n: Int) extends Value case class BoolV(b: Boolean) extends Value (Technically, we could encode booleans as integers, but in general we will want to separate out the kinds of values.) Booleans and Conditionals Types Extending the interpreter // helpers def add(v1: Value, v2: Value): Value = (v1,v2) match { case (NumV(v1), NumV(v2)) => NumV (v1 + v2) } def mult(v1: Val...