objective(s) extensive use of quinolones has been associated with raising level of resistance. in the current, we focused on assessing the prevalence of escherichia coli resistance to quinolones and frequency of qnra, qnrb and qnrs in non esbls (extended spectrum beta-lactamases) and esbls producing e. coli with blashv and blatem. materials and methods one hundred and fifty e. coli isolates wer...

Long 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) are common in eukaryotic mRNAs. In contrast, long 3'UTRs are rare in bacteria, and have not been characterized in detail. We describe a 3'UTR of 310 nucleotides in hilD mRNA, a transcript that encodes a transcriptional activator of Salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Deletion of the hilD 3'UTR increases the hilD mRNA level, suggesting that t...

The emergence of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in salmonellae is an increasing clinical problem. We report the characteristics of a ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar strain collected in 2001 from a patient with a postoperative wound infection in a university hospital in Taiwan. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was found to be due to productio...

Diaminopropionate ammonia lyase (DAPAL) is a pyridoxal-5'phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of diaminopropionate (DAP) to pyruvate and ammonia and plays an important role in cell metabolism. We have investigated the role of the ygeX gene of Escherichia coli K-12 and its ortholog, STM1002, in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, presumed to encode DAPAL, in th...

In a previous study, ecs-3, a sequence from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78:K80 strain chi7122, was found to be expressed in vivo in infected chicken tissues. The region encompassing ecs-3 carries a fimbrial gene cluster that is a putative ortholog of the stg fimbrial gene cluster of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. This APEC fimbrial gene cluster, which we have termed stg, is a ...

Biogenic polyamines (e.g., spermidine and spermine) are a group of essential polycationic compounds found in all living cells. The effects of spermine and spermidine on antibiotic susceptibility were examined with gram-negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteria and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacter...

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) possesses plasmids of different sizes and roles. Besides the serovar-specific virulence plasmid present in most field strains, S. Enteritidis can harbour plasmids of low molecular mass whose biological role is poorly understood. We therefore sequenced plasmid pC present in S. Enteritidis strains belonging to phage type PT14b. The size of ...

MarA and its homologue, RamA, have been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR). RamA overexpression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli conferred MDR independently of marA. Inactivation of ramA did not affect the antibiotic susceptibilities of wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium or 15 unrelated clinical MDR isolates. Thus, ramA overexpression is not a common ...

The study was conducted to evaluate a new cefixime-clavulanic acid combination for in vitro susceptibility towards gram-negative bacteria. A total of 220 isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Acinetobacter spp, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were included in the study. The isolates were tested for susceptibili...

Background: Food borne pathogens are of the main concerns of food producers and consumers and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus create a lot of problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial effects of monolaurin, sorbic acid and potassium sorbate on S. aureus and E. coli at different pH values and NaCl concentrations. Methods: Micro-well dilution assay was us...