This study optimized the salt free reactive dyeing process using Taguchi approach. Dyeing of cotton fabric with dyes is popular because its bright and brilliant color in various shade ranges. Cationization ALBAFIX-WFF on was carried out exhaust method. To determine optimum conditions, two types multiple characteristic parameters, including single value conversion method maximization method, wer...

Many strong and extreme sensitizing chemicals, such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (TDA) and other aromatic amines or cross-reacting substances, are ingredients in hair dye products. The chemistry of hair dyeing and the immunological reactions to the potent sensitizing hair dye components are complex and have not been fully clarified up until now. Recently 2-methoxymethyl-p...

The thiophene-based azo dyes class of azo dyes have generated considerable interest since its discovery 62 years ago. These dyes have come to be applied to a very large number and variety of fibres and have therefore achieved an importance which is probably greater than the weights used would suggest. The connection between dyeing and fastness properties on the one hand and chemical constitutio...

The dyer has always been faced with choices regarding which dye to use and which application process to choose. In previous years, the cost of the dyeing process and the fastness of the dyeings obtained were prime considerations. Today these basic needs have been supplemented by the need for high productivity in the dyehouse together with an awareness of the environmental impact of the dyeing p...

This first part of Chapter 5 covers the background to the development of reactive dyes, explains the history which led to their belated discovery and gives the reasons for their present importance. The nature of the dye-fiber bond is covered as well as the processes by which it is formed. The overall procedure for reactive batch dyeing, which involves the three steps of dyeing, fixation and was...

It is widely accepted that indigo dyes derived from Murex trunculus were used to produce the biblical dyes tekhelet and argaman. We describe a method of following the debromination of natural leucoindigos and their binding to wool using NMR spectroscopy. Debromination is observed prior to reaction with the wool and prior to oxidation. Binding to the wool is shown to occur prior to oxidation. NM...