A DLL(Delay Locked Loop) with DCC(Duty Cycle Correction) has become an essential block in high speed memory and digital circuits. An SMD(Synchronous Mirror Delay) structure is widely used both for skew reduction and for DCC. In this paper, an area-efficient DLL structure based on the merged dual SMD is proposed. The merged structure allows the forward delay array to be shared between the DLL an...

The capacity and robustness of cellular MIMO systems is very sensitive to other-cell interference, which will in practice necessitate network level interference reduction strategies [1]– [3]. As an alternative to traditional static frequency reuse patterns, we investigate inter-cell scheduling among neighboring base stations, where adjacent base stations and an (arbitrarily chosen) home base st...

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) can elicit neuromuscular responses that mitigate and/or compensate for the obstruction. It was hypothesised that flow-limited breathing elicits specific timing responses that can preserve ventilation due to increases in inspiratory duty cycle rather than respiratory rate. By altering nasal pressure during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, similar degrees of ...

Duty cycle describes the relative 'on time' of a periodic signal. In bats, we argue that high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation was selected for and evolved from low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation because increasing call duty cycle enhanced the ability of echolocating bats to detect, lock onto and track fluttering insects. Most echolocators (most bats and all birds and odontocete cetaceans) use LDC ...

Double Data Rate Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR DRAM) has become important to develop a low-power high performance DCC(Duty Cycle Corrector) with better duty cycle accuracy. DDR DRAM increases the speed using Successive Approximation Register Duty Cycle Corrector (SAR DCC). The proposed DCC circuit will be implemented in a 0.18um CMOS process. Here, Adjuster circuit delay line is being modif...

We address the problem of transferring bulk data in environmentally-powered wireless sensor networks where duty cycle compliance is critical for their uninterrupted operation. We propose Pump-and-Nap, a packet train forwarding technique that maximizes throughput while simultaneously enforcing compliance to dynamic duty cycle limitations. A node using Pump-and-Nap operates by pumping a train of ...

The IEEE 802. 15. 4 standard defines a Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol for low data rate wireless network with low power requirement which makes it ideal PHY/MAC for WSNs. Currently WSNs with combination of IEEE 802. 15. 4 and ZigBee are being used extensively in industrial applications such as factory automation and control, environmental monitoring etc. Such appl...

Low delay and long lifetime are a very important issue for industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) in which it require long-time monitoring of industrial sites and respond quickly to events that is monitored; therefore, high delay communications can cause serious damage to property and personnel at industrial field. Due to delay, lifetime, and other performance involved to multiple layers, ...

Wireless sensor networks are used in many environmental monitoring applications (e.g., to monitor forest fires or volcanoes). In such applications, sensor nodes have a limited quantity of energy, but must operate for years without having their batteries changed. The main mechanism used to allow nodes to save energy is to sequence periods of activity and inactivity. However, the design of MAC an...

The use of time-frequency entropy to quantitatively assess the stability of alternating current square wave submerged arc welding process considering the distribution features of arc energy is reported in this paper. Time-frequency entropy is employed to calculate and analyze the current signals under different duty cycle, frequency and welding speed in the submerged arc welding process. It is ...