The clinical importance of biliary tract calculi is in their association with cholangitis and acute pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is regarded as the safest and most successful therapeutic method for extracting stones from the common bile duct. Nevertheless, large or impacted calculi that take up the entire bile duct are a therapeutic challenge. A bile duct ...

Post-tensioning structures with metallic ducts risk corrosion, rupture or collapses due to chloride ingress. The use of tight corrugated polymer combined electrically isolated anchorages (EIT) changed the situation. Laboratory and many field applications proved tightness duct, showing resistance values higher much than 50 kΩm, acceptance criteria for a duct. most important fact is that EIT tend...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES At the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, deep cannulation of the bile duct is a prerequisite to be able to provide endoscopic therapy. We describe a simple technique to assist in difficult bile duct cannulation. METHODS If the pancreatic duct is easily entered but the bile duct cannot be accessed, a guidewire is advanced into the pancreatic duct...

Obstruction is a common problem of major salivary glands, and the most common cause is salivary calculi. The most frequent locations of sialolithiasis are submandibular gland and its duct; the vast majority of them are found in Wharton’s duct. Wharton’s duct stones are frequently single, and multiplicity is uncommon. Only about 5% of cases have more than two calculi. Based on the location and s...

A 32-year-old male, a known case of alcohol related chronic non calcific pancreatitis, was referred to us for pancreatic endotherapy for relief of intractable abdominal pain. The cross sectional imaging studies had revealed an irregularly dilated main pancreatic duct. The examination of the major duodenal papilla revealed the presence of two separate orifices at endoscopic retrograde cholangiop...

BACKGROUND Postoperative bile duct leak following hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery can be intractable, and the postoperative course can be prolonged. However, if the site of the leak is in the distal bile duct in the main biliary tract, the therapeutic options may be limited. Injection of absolute ethanol into the bile duct requires correct identification of the bile duct, and balloon occlu...

INTRODUCTION We report the first case of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT), where the extrahepatic bile duct was preserved with thrombectomy. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 70-year-old male. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the tumor extending from the hepatic hilum to the left hepatic duct with complet...

OBJECTIVES In a job site, a portable fan is often used to ventilate a confined space. When a portable fan is applied to such a space, the actual ventilation flow rate must be accurately estimated in advance because the safety level of contaminant and oxygen concentrations in the space will determine the ventilation requirements. When a portable fan is used with a flexible duct, the actual flow ...

The radiation of sound from a perfectly expanded Mach 2.5 cold supersonic jet of 25.4 mm exit diameter flowing through a partially open rigid-walled duct with an upstream i-deflector has been studied experimentally. In the experiments, the nozzle is mounted vertically, with the nozzle exit plane at a height of 73 jet diameters above ground level. Relative to the nozzle exit plane (NEP), the loc...

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a variant type of the bile duct carcinoma characterized by intraductal growth. IPNB is also recognized as a precursor of invasive carcinoma. We describe herein an extremely rare case of IPNB arising from the cystic duct. A 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for investigation of epigastralgia and abnormal levels of biliary tract...