Since 2013, outbreaks of disease caused by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) have been observed in layer and broiler duck farms in Thailand. The virus is closely related to Chinese DTMUVs and belongs to the Ntaya group of mosquitoborne flaviviruses. These findings represent the emergence of DTMUV in ducks in Thailand.

We report here the first full-genome sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 4 (APMV-4) strain isolated from a domestic mallard duck at a live bird market in South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses provide genetic information on a new genetic clade, APMV-4, isolated from a domestic duck and evidence of APMV-4 exchange between poultry and wild birds.

Programmed death-1 (PD-1), upon engagement by its ligands, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), provides signals that attenuate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck PD-L2 (duPD-L2) and its gene structure. The duPD-L2 cDNA encodes a 321 amino acid protein that has an amino acid identity of 76% and 35% with chicken an...

The ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) was introduced to wildfowl collections in the United Kingdom (UK) in the 1940s and subsequently escaped into the wild. Estimated numbers have increased rapidly in the UK from 20 wintering birds in 1962 to 5,946 in January 2000. As the population of feral ruddy ducks in the UK rose, so did the number of records of ruddy ducks on the European mainland. In 1984,...

Aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for most subtypes of influenza A, and a source of novel viruses with the potential to cause human pandemics, fatal zoonotic disease or devastating epizootics in poultry. It is well recognised that waterfowl typically show few clinical signs following influenza A infection, in contrast, terrestrial poultry such as chickens may develop severe disease with r...

This study was carried out to compare the histomorphological structures of oviductal regions of the apparently healthy adult laying hens (Gallus gallus dometicus) and ducks (Ansa ansa domesticus). For this purpose, 20 hens and 20 female ducks aged between 1-1.5 years were used. After euthanasia, the oviducts were dissected out and all of the gross morphometrical parameters including length, wid...

The metabolism of [14C]aflatoxin B1 by 9000 X g supernatant fraction of livers of duck, rat, mouse, monkey, and humans was compared by incubating the compound and liver fractions in the presence of cofactors and air for 30 min. The incubation medium was extracted with chloroform, and the soluble metabolites were separated on thinlayer plates and quantified; radioactivity remaining in the aqueou...

BACKGROUND Duck is an economically important poultry and animal model for human viral hepatitis B. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying host-virus interaction remain unclear because of limited information on the duck genome. This study aims to characterize the duck normal liver transcriptome and to identify the differentially expressed transcripts at 24 h after duck hepatitis A virus ge...

Qualitative traits can be used as a reference for entog development and conservation. are indispensable selection based on phenotypics such plumage color, beak shank color. The research objective was studied the qualitative of in Ciayumajakuning (Cirebon, Indramayu, Majalengka, dan Kuningan). This uses survey method with sampling technique multistage probability random sampling. object observed...

We isolated an avian influenza virus, A/duck/Hunan/747/2011(mixed), which included the H5N1 and H6N6 subtypes, from a duck in China. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) gene belongs to clade 2.3.2.1, the H6 HA gene belongs to the group II lineage, and the other internal genes show different recombination events.