Overactive bladder (OAB) is often associated with increased involuntary detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) contractions during the bladder-filling phase. To develop novel therapies for OAB, it is critical to better understand the mechanisms that control DSM excitability and contractility. Recent studies showed that small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels, SK3 channels, in particular, re...

The functional role of the voltage-gated K(+) (K(V)) channels in human detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) is largely unexplored. Here, we provide molecular, electrophysiological, and functional evidence for the expression of K(V)2.1, K(V)2.2, and the electrically silent K(V)9.3 subunits in human DSM. Stromatoxin-1 (ScTx1), a selective inhibitor of K(V)2.1, K(V)2.2, and K(V)4.2 homotetrameric channels...

Recent research on distributed shared memory (DSM) has focussed on improving performance by reducing the communication overhead of DSM. Features added include lazy release consistency-based coherence protocols and new interfaces that give programmers the ability to hand tune communication. These features have increased DSM performance at the expense of requiring increasingly complex DSM systems...

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders (DSM) represents the current thinking on the symptomology of mental illness, from the perspective of the American Psychiatric Association. The most recent version, DSM-5, was published in May 2013 after nearly two decades of research and a highly politicized revision process.1 Intended primarily as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment o...

This article reviews literature on the validity and performance characteristics of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders (SUDs) and recommends changes in these criteria that should be considered for the next edition of the DSM (DSM-V). Substantial data indicate that DSM-...

The fifth version of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) was released in May 2013 after 14 years of development and almost two decades after the last edition DSM-IV was published in 1994. We review the DSM journey with regards to Tourette Syndrome from the original publication of DSM 1 in 1952 till date. In terms of changes in DSM 5, the major shift has come in the...

Objective: To provide an overview of the process of creating the DSM-IV from a participant’s perspective. Method: Narrative review. Results: In its attempt to address the perceived weaknesses of both the content and development of the DSM-III and DSM-III-R, the DSM-IV development was based on commissioned reviews for sets of diagnoses, especially designed field trials and a transparent decision...

Voltage-gated Kv7 (KCNQ) channels are emerging as essential regulators of smooth muscle excitability and contractility. However, their physiological role in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) remains to be elucidated. Here, we explored the molecular expression and function of Kv7 channel subtypes in guinea pig DSM by RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, and isometric tension reco...

Ranibizumab injection in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to pathologic myopia (PM) with and without a dome-shaped macula (DSM).Prospective observational study.A total of 24 patients (24 eyes) with angiographic evidence of CNV secondary to PM were divided into 2 groups: eyes with a DSM and eyes without DSM. All patients received a baseline intravitreal ranibizumab i...

BACKGROUND The symptoms for Major Depression (MD) defined in the DSM-5 differ markedly from symptoms assessed in common rating scales, and the empirical question about core depression symptoms is unresolved. Here we conceptualize depression as a complex dynamic system of interacting symptoms to examine what symptoms are most central to driving depressive processes. METHODS We constructed a ne...