Adverse drug reactions are a threat to health, sometimes to the extent of causing death, as well as imposing a substantial time and financial cost from patients and healthcare providers. The most common of these negative sideeffects are reported by their manufacturers; however, other side-effects may be discovered through different surveillance methods, including volunteer reporting by doctors ...

To investigate factors contributing to drug side effects, we systematically examine relationships between 4,199 side effects associated with 996 drugs and their 647 human protein targets. We find that it is the number of essential targets, not the number of total targets, that determines the side effects of corresponding drugs. Furthermore, within the context of a three-dimensional interaction ...

Side effect similarities of drugs have recently been employed to predict new drug targets, and networks of side effects and targets have been used to better understand the mechanism of action of drugs. Here, we report a large-scale analysis to systematically predict and characterize proteins that cause drug side effects. We integrated phenotypic data obtained during clinical trials with known d...

Drug co-prescription (or drug combination) is a therapeutic strategy widely used as it may improve efficacy and reduce side-effect (SE). Since it is impractical to screen all possible drug combinations for every indication, computational methods have been developed to predict new combinations. In this study, we describe a novel approach that utilizes clinical SEs from post-marketing surveillanc...

lamotrigine is a safe anti-epileptic drug among pregnant and lactating women. some concerns exist regarding the safety of lamotrigine during breastfeeding and related neonatal complications. in this brief review, this matter was evaluated and discussed. in this review study, the medical literature available in search databases such as embase, scopus, pubmed, and medline and even also local medi...

Although various contraceptive methods and medications have been devised so far,there is no ideal male contraceptive agent,free from side effects and without adverse effects on secondary sexual  characterestics and sexual behaviour.in this study the antifertility effects of furazolidone on the process of spermatogenesis in adelt male rats have been evaluated.the results indicate that this drug ...

Drug repositioning methods attempt to identify novel therapeutic indications for marketed drugs. Strategies include the use of side-effects to assign new disease indications, based on the premise that both therapeutic effects and side-effects are measurable physiological changes resulting from drug intervention. Drugs with similar side-effects might share a common mechanism of action linking si...

hepatic toxicity is the most serious adverse effect of anti tuberculosis drugs. this study was performed to evaluate efficacy of silymarin as a hepatoprotective herbal agent. in a randomized double blind clinical trial 70 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into two groups. the intervention group was assigned to receive silymarin and the control group received placebo. tuberculosis...

Drug repositioning helps fully explore indications for marketed drugs and clinical candidates. Here we show that the clinical side-effects (SEs) provide a human phenotypic profile for the drug, and this profile can suggest additional disease indications. We extracted 3,175 SE-disease relationships by combining the SE-drug relationships from drug labels and the drug-disease relationships from Ph...

in this article, we present the case of a 12-year-old female child who complained of bilateral temporal and frontal headache for 2 to 3 months with nausea and vomiting. physical examination revealed right-sided sixth cranial nerve palsy and papilledema in ophthalmoscopy. to find the cause of increased intracranial pressure, the patient underwent brain imaging and brain mri showed no abnormality...