Within PrefHer (NCT01401166), patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) preferred subcutaneous (SC) over intravenous (IV) trastuzumab. We undertook a prospective, observational time and motion study to quantify patients' time in infusion chairs and active HCP time in PrefHer. Patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer received four adjuvant cycles of SC trastuzumab (600 mg fixed dose vi...

With the features of extremely high selectivity and efficiency in catalyzing almost all the chemical reactions in cells, enzymes play vitally important roles for the life of an organism and hence have become frequent targets for drug design. An essential step in developing drugs by targeting enzymes is to identify drug-enzyme interactions in cells. It is both time-consuming and costly to do thi...

A Valerian is a popular drug among the population. It can be use against anxiety, fear and intension. Our purpose was tu study to what a degree it is included in the practice of the doctors of dental medicine against the stress from the dental treatment. A direct anonymous group inquiry among 296 doctors of dental medicine in the whole country was carried out. From the received information we e...

IMPORTANCE Many health care facilities compound medications on site to fulfill local demands when customized formulations are needed, national supply is critically low, or costs for manufactured pharmaceuticals are excessive. Small, institutional compounding facilities may perform the same high-risk procedures as large distributors of compounded medications. OBJECTIVES To investigate an outbrea...

Aqueous humor levels of pilocarpine and timolol in rabbits after administration of either 2% pilocarpine or 0.5% timolol in single-drug solutions were compared with the concentrations found after instillation of a fixed combination of 0.5% timolol and 2% pilocarpine drops. Time intervals considered were 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 4 hr, and 8 hr after application. Drug concentrations were analyzed in...

Regulatory authorities throughout the world require that all possible crystalline forms of the same active drug compound be synthesized and characterized as completely as possible. There is thus a continuing need to prepare new polymorphic forms of pharmacologically active compounds. Therefore it is need for preparation of highly pure polymorphic form N esomeprazole sodium by a repeatable proce...

PURPOSE Antineoplastic preparation presents unique safety concerns and consumes significant pharmacy staff time and costs. Robotic antineoplastic and adjuvant medication compounding may provide incremental safety and efficiency advantages compared with standard pharmacy practices. METHODS We conducted a direct observation trial in an academic medical center pharmacy to compare the effects of ...

BACKGROUND An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to record information on medicinal plants from traditional medical practitioners in Babungo and to identify the medicinal plants used for treating diseases. METHODS Traditional Medical Practitioners (TMP's) who were the main informants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and open-ended conversations. Field trips were made to...

To successfully implement large-scale change initiatives, such as new safe-work procedures, supervisors need to consider how much education is required and who the target audiences are. Plans need to take into account the resources required for initial implementation, as well as those needed to sustain training afterward. In 2002, responding to major changes in workplace safety and health legis...

Photoacoustic (PA) images utilize pulsed lasers and ultrasound transducers to visualize targets with higher optical absorption than the surrounding medium. However, they are susceptible to acoustic clutter and background noise artifacts that obfuscate biomedical structures of interest. We investigated three spatial-angular compounding methods to improve PA image quality for biomedical applicati...