In regions where a plasma is not fully ionized, such as the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) in tokamak, charged particles may be subject to strong sources from interactions with neutral atoms molecules. Such sources, e.g., electron impact ionization, can introduce kinetic effects, ionized have flow velocity temperature different that of main species. If treated conventional fluid picture, this ...

It has been suggested that the ice shell of Jupiter's moon Europa may drift non-synchronously due to tidal torques. Here we argue torques applied by underlying ocean are also important and can result in non-synchronous rotation. The resulting spin rate be slightly slower than synchronous angular would have kept same point facing Jupiter. We develop an rotation model, driven stress calculated us...