BACKGROUND The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis is reduced by the structural properties of cellulose. Although efforts have been made to explain the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by considering the interaction of cellulolytic enzymes with cellulose or the changes in the structure of cellulose during enzymatic hydrolysis, the process of cellulose hydrolysis is not yet fully un...

Cellulose nanofibrils were prepared by mechanical fibrillation of never-dried beech pulp and bacterial cellulose. To facilitate the separation of individual fibrils, one part of the wood pulp was surface-carboxylated by a catalytic oxidation using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) as a catalyst. After fibrillation by a high pressure homogenizer, the obtained aqueous fibril dispers...

In orange-pigmented citrus fruits, the xanthophyll esters are predominant carotenoids, but their biosynthetic origin is currently unknown. this work, seven PYP/XES (Pale Yellow Petal/ Xanthophyll esterase) genes were identified in Citrus genomes, only PYP1-4 and 6 contained structural domains essential for activity. The expression profiles sweet orange other species such as lemon, mandarin pumm...

Citrus is the most cultivated fruit crop in world and occupies a place of considerable importance country’s economy. Almost 33% citrus fruits are processed for juice production; however, great amount wastes, including peels, segment membranes, seeds also produced. Indeed, consist 45% juice, 26% pulp, 27% 2% seeds. Pruning, cultural practice involving removal tree branches limbs, was applied to ...

Cassava pulp was fermented with pure strains of Saccharomyces cerevisae and two bacteria namely Lactobacillus delbruckii and Lactobacillus coryneformis for 3 days. The squeezed liquid from the fermented pulp was used to ferment cassava peels for 7 days. Analysis of the dried fermented peels revealed that there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the protein content of the cassava peels fer...

The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of apical debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Fresh-extracted human mandibular incisors were used in this study. The teeth had clinical indication for extraction and were submitted to cold pulp vitality testing and radiographic...

The reported effects of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) juice on oral bioavailability of certain prescription drugs have led to the discovery of the inhibition by compounds in grapefruit of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the intestinal wall and liver. Recent evidence indicates that furanocoumarins related to bergamottin [5-[(3',7'-dimethyl-2',6'-octadienyl)oxy]psoralen] are primarily respon...