Paleo-drainage connections and headwater stream-captures are two main historical processes shaping the distribution of strictly freshwater fishes. Recently, bathymetric-based methods of paleo-drainage reconstruction have opened new possibilities to investigate how these processes have shaped the genetic structure of freshwater organisms. In this context, the present study used paleo-drainage re...

HYPOTHESIS Despite the introduction of new methods for duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection, such as the Beger and Frey procedures, the management of benign lesions of the proximal pancreas remains controversial. We developed a modification of the duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in which the proximal pancreatic duct or central core of the pancreatic head is excised by ult...

BACKGROUND A pancreatic fistula (PF) is the most common complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and its reported incidence varies from 2% to 28%. The aim of the present study was to analyse the treatment of a complicated PF comparing the surgical approach with conservative techniques. METHODS From January 2000 through to August 2006, 121 patients were submitted for PD. The study cons...

Sand coverings account for a large part of the cost of a project. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of different coatings for filtration of underground drains and reduce the cost of cornfield farms. The experiments were carried out in farm in Salman Farsi. The subsoil drainage was fitted to each test piece with a length of 120 meters, a diameter of 100 mm, and a distance ...

1 Sir: F its usefulness, cheapness, and scarless healing, drainage with a venous infusion catheter1,2 is used worldwide with some modifications. In our institute, this kind of drain is routinely used during implant-based breast reconstruction on patients with low risk of hematomas. Our method of preparation is very simple: peeling off one side of the outer plastic cannula of a 16-gauge venous i...

The Hadad-Bassagasteguy vascularized nasoseptal pedicled flap (HBF) is an effective technique for reconstruction of skull base defects with low incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Advanced planning is required as posterior septectomy during transsphenoidal surgery can preclude its use due to destruction of the vascular pedicle. We present four cases in which the HBF was s...

There is controversy in the literature regarding a number of topics related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: 1) Bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) reconstruction or hamstring reconstruction (HR); 2) Double bundle or single bundle; 3) Allograft or authograft; 4) Early or late reconstruction; 5) Rate of return to sp...

Multiple ligament-injured knees are a heterogeneous group of knee injuries that lack a clear consensus on optimal treatment. Current areas of controversy include optimal timing of surgery, ligamentous repair vs reconstruction, and combined vs staged procedures. In addition, multiple open, arthroscopic, and arthroscopic-assisted techniques exist for repair and reconstruction of the injured stabi...

BACKGROUND Major bile duct injury is an important therapeutic problem that can be associated with simultaneous injury to the hepatic artery. Limited information exists regarding the course of patients who have combined bile duct and arterial injuries. OBJECTIVE To compare the management and outcome of isolated bile duct injuries with bile duct and hepatic artery injuries. PATIENTS AND METHO...

A complete surgical resection is the only proven therapeutic modality that prolongs the survival in patients with leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Reconstruction of the IVC is not always necessary but is often required to facilitate venous drainage of the kidney for the tumors at the pararenal area of the IVC. Controversy exists in postoperative adjuvant therapy. Recently, we exp...