We estimated the timing of paleodrainage connections in the Colorado River Basin using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence divergences among populations of the speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus. Cytochrome b and ND4L sequences were analyzed by maximum likelihood methods to estimate phylogenetic branch lengths, which were calibrated to geological time with a fossil age estimate. ...

Denitrifying bioreactors can be effective for removing nitrate from agricultural tile drainage; however, questions about cold springtime performance persist. The objective of this study was to improve the nitrate removal rate (NRR) of denitrifying bioreactors at warm and cold temperatures using agriculturally derived media rather than wood chips (WC). Corn ( L.) cobs (CC), corn stover (CS), bar...

The middle section of the lake basin of the Doce River in Minas Gerais State, Brazil is plagued by grave environmental problems, including the introduction of non-native fish, which reduces the biodiversity of this region. This study reports the presence of two newly-detected non-native species in the Doce River Basin. Sampling efforts included gill nets with mesh size of 3 to 12 mm (measured d...

Gastrointestinal involvement is rare in Behçet's syndrome (BS) patients from the Mediterranean basin. We report the demographic and disease characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcome of patients with gastrointestinal involvement in BS (GIBS). We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all BS patients in our BS clinic with a diagnosis of GIBS. Patients were invited to the clinic to assess...

Delineation of drainage basins is a popular terrain analysis method for digital elevation model (DEM) data. Currently, a deterministic delineation method is available in a number of terrain analysis software applications. The method uses elevation data for defining flow directions for each elevation point of a DEM and then follows flow paths from a pour point to all upstream points. The influen...

The metabolism of a river basin is defined as the set of processes through which the basin maintains its structure and responds to its environment. Green (or biotic) metabolism is measured via transpiration and blue (or abiotic) metabolism through runoff. A principle of equal metabolic rate per unit area throughout the basin structure is developed and tested in a river basin characterized by la...

The morphotectonic analysis is a useful time-saving and cost-effective method to assess tectonic activity, especially in large regions. In this paper, the study was carried out Kerman city which southeast of Iran part Central structural zone. Despite occurrence numerous historical instrumental earthquakes around city, there gap earthquake records that has obscured its seismicity status. aim ide...