Abstract Some teams aiming for victory in a mountain stage cycling take control the uphill sections of stage. While drafting, team imposes high speed at front peloton defending their leader from opponent’s attacks. Drafting is well-known strategy on flat or descending and has been studied before this context. However, there are no systematic extensive studies scientific literature aerodynamic e...

This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigation of the aerodynamic effects of drafting in cycling. In drafting, cyclists ride close behind each other to reduce aerodynamic drag. The CFD simulations for single cyclists and for a group of two cyclists are successfully compared with wind-tunnel measurements. Both CFD simulations and wind tunnel measurements show that also th...

Integrating analytic tools within a production Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment provides designers the opportunity to evaluate the impact of design decisions much earlier in the design process than previously possible. Softdesk Energy is a design tool that integrates building energy analysis capabilities into a highly automated production drafting environment (AutoCAD and Softdesk AutoAr...

the purpose of the present study is to develop appropriate scoring scales for each of the defined stages of the writing process, and also to determine to what extent these scoring scales can reliably and validly assess the performances of efl learners in an academic writing task. two hundred and two students’ writing samples were collected after a step-by-step process oriented essay writing ins...

some of the criteria for the evaluation and vetting of research articles, are the significance of the study, the need for researching the specified topic, and preparing an appropriate title. academic scholars and research authorities have research useful finding to improve research methods and have set certain standards for selecting topic and preparing appropriate titles for scholarly studies....