This paper proposes a new method of calculating the proportion of permanently impoverished persons among persons in poverty as a whole. The paper shows that the widely used Shorrocks-Index for decomposing permanent and transitory inequality can also be acquired to describe poverty. This method overcomes certain difficulties involved in the methods of Rodgers & Rodgers (1993). The characteristic...

This study will touch upon Earth’s magnetic field, the four spheres, and their relationship with polar shift influenced by magnetization of interior surface areas. It outline how certain aspects within spheres are minerals localized rock, such can be contained deep mantle areas, as well mining deposits iron ore affect other systems. also entail a brief explanation geological research concerning...

Abstract Research purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a theme of the research on functioning economy and particular industries. same concerns were raised regarding issue cultural industry. Therefore, content this paper was dictated by recognition impact first wave Covid-19 activities industry in Poland. formulated question reads: “How did beginning economic standing Polish industry?” Desi...

We explore the consequences that follow if the dark energy is phantom energy, in which the sum of the pressure and energy density is negative. The positive phantom-energy density becomes infinite in finite time, overcoming all other forms of matter, such that the gravitational repulsion rapidly brings our brief epoch of cosmic structure to a close. The phantom energy rips apart the Milky Way, s...

Economic activities of a capitalistic society are organized around the principle of free competition and voluntary trading. In a capitalist society, the right for private properties is divine and the right for political equality for all is regarded as god-given. Political and economical freedom, human dignity and civil rights are commonly promoted. The tremendous power unleashed from liberation...

Message Authentication is a short piece of the information used authenticate a message to provide integrity and authenticity assurance on message. Integrity assurance detects accidental and intentional message changes while authenticity assurance affirms the message's origin. It is one of the effective ways prevent unauthorized and computed messages from being forwarded in wireless sensor netwo...

There are at present approximately 110 million people with diabetes in the world but this number will reach over 220 million by the year 2010, the majority of them with type 2 diabetes. Thus there is an urgent need for strategies to prevent the emerging global epidemic of type 2 diabetes to be implemented. Tackling diabetes must be part of an integrated program that addresses lifestyle related ...

Abstract Typicality arguments attempt to use the Copernican Principle draw conclusions about cosmos and presently unknown conscious beings within it, including extraterrestrial intelligences (ETI). The most notorious is Doomsday Argument, which purports constrain humanity's future from its current lifespan alone. These rest on a likelihood calculation that penalizes models in proportion number ...