Lacunes are small deep infarcts which cavitate, producing “lacunes” (French for lake).1 “Lacunar infarcts” have been thought of as strokes caused by intrinsic disease of small vessels called lipohyalinosis, resulting from hypertension2 and diabetes.3 Contrary to this established dogma, the literature demonstrates that emboli are the cause of lacunes. Almost all of the histopathological evaluati...

Potentiometric sensors that exhibit a non-Hofmeister selectivity sequence are normally designed by selective chemical recognition elements in the membrane. In other situations, when used as detectors in separation science, for example, membranes that respond equally to most ions are preferred. With so-called liquid membranes, a low selectivity is difficult to accomplish since these membranes ar...

a difference in salt concentration in two solutions separated by a membrane leads to an electrical potential difference across the membrane, also without applied current. a literature study is presented on proposed theories for the origin of this membrane potential (ϕm). the most well-known theoretical description is teorell-meyer-sievers (tms) theory, which we analyze and extend. experimental ...

The different physical properties of proteins, such as osmotic pressure, swelling, and viscosity, vary in a similar way under the influence of changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions or under the influence of neutral salts or under the influence of the valency of the ion in combination ~th the protein. This fact suggests that the variations of these three physical properties may have a co...

Hemoglobin is a major constituent of erythrocytes. Because it is non-diffusable and confined within a cell membrane and because of its buffering powers, three major physiochemical equilibria are involved in any acid or base change in blood. Ionic, osmotic and Donnan balance must be main­ tained.16 During the acidosis phase of cell­ ular respiration and increasing Pco2, bi­ carbonate enters eryt...

A field theoretic representation of the classical partition function is derived for a system composed mixture anisotropic and isotropic mobile charges that interact via long range Coulomb short nematic interactions. The theory then solved on saddle-point approximation level, leading to coupled Poisson–Boltzmann Maier–Saupe equations. Explicit solutions are finally obtained rod-like counterion-o...