Introduction Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is capable of early detection of cerebral injury. The visualization of water diffusion anisotropy in cerebral white matters has made diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) a promising tool for non-invasive in vivo neuronal fiber tract mapping. Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a familial neurologic disorder caused by a deficiency of the lyso...

Translational control is an essential mechanism of gene control utilized throughout development, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying translational activation and repression are poorly understood. We have investigated the translational control of the C. elegans caudal homolog, pal-1, and found that GLD-1, a member of the evolutionarily conserved STAR/Maxi-KH domain family, acts through a min...

During the development of multicellular organisms, the processes of growth and differentiation are kept in balance to generate and maintain tissues and organs of the correct size, shape and cellular composition. We have investigated the molecular controls of growth and differentiation in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. A single somatic cell, called the distal tip cell, promotes mitotic pro...

Two layers (3 and 6) in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLd) of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) receive projections from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. The goal of this study was to determine whether the same or different cells in the superior colliculus give rise to the projections to layers 3 and 6 by following individual axons labeled with biocytin from the super...

To compare the developmental pattern of the visual tecto- and thalamofugal pathways in the altricial pigeon, we examined the posthatch differentiation of the retinothalamic system. Choleratoxin was injected into the left and right eye to visualize the retinal innervation pattern of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (GLd). The calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin and G...

Bone marrow (BM) and lymphocyte samples from aplastic anemia patients show up-regulated Fas and Fas-ligand (FasL) expression, respectively, supporting a relationship between immune-mediated BM destruction and the Fas apoptotic pathway. Mice with spontaneous lymphoproliferation (lpr) and generalized lymphoproliferative disease (gld) mutations exhibit abnormal expression of Fas and FasL, serving ...

The phenotypical consequences of a combined deficiency of the Fas-Fas Ligand (FasL) and one or both Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) signaling pathways were investigated. Mice, which expressed a non-functional FasL suffered from a pathological accumulation of both B and T cells leading to splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and, depending on the genetic background, pathogenic self-reactive antibodies (...

This study represents an attempt to examine an alternative view of the functional architecture of the ascending visual pathways in pigeons. According to this conception the pars dorsalis (GLd) of the thalamofugal system represents the lateral monocular field of view and is frontally blind to a large extent. The tectofugal system, on the other hand, processes frontal visual input within the fram...

The Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) interaction is important for maintaining lymphocyte homeostasis by signaling for activation-induced cell death. Mice homozygous for the lpr or gld mutations do not express functional Fas or FasL, respectively, and spontaneously develop progressive autoimmune symptoms. Recent studies implicated expression of FasL on immunologically privileged tissues in protection from ...

The uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU), maximum likelihood, percentile (PC), least squares (LS) and weighted least squares (WLS) estimators of the probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function are derived for the generalized Rayleigh distribution. This model can be used quite effectively in modelling strength data and also modeling general lifetime data. It has...