In this paper, a grid connected microgrid with multiple inverter-based distributed generators (DGs) is considered. DG in FFC mode regulates the microgrid as a controllable load from the utility point of view as long as its output is within the capacity limit. The transition mode causes a change in frequency of microgrid due to the loss of power transferred between main grid and microgrid. Frequ...

As various forms of renewable distributed generators (DGs) embedded in microgrids (MGs) often exhibit unstable characteristics, matching the generation to the demand whilst optimally utilizing the DGs is a non-trivial task. This paper investigates the optimal coordinated operation of multiple autonomous MGs and reveals the potential technical benefit. The proposed solution identifies the optima...

In this paper, Direct Search Algorithm is implemented to determine the optimal sizes of Type – I Distributed Generators (DGs) and optimal locations such that maximum possible reduction in real power loss is obtained. Type – I DG injects both active and reactive powers. The algorithm searches for all possible locations in the system for a particular size of DG and places it at the bus which give...

With the increasing penetration of distributed generations, preserving protection system coordination is great importance for distribution network operation. This paper presents a supplementary strategy multi-agent (MAS)-based hierarchical scheme (HPS). The primary level MAS-based HPS clears fault and preserves while higher levels update relay settings. key advantage proposed that can autonomou...

Background: The increasing penetration of a massive number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and distributed generators (DGs) into current power distribution networks imposes obvious challenges on power distribution network operation. Methods: This paper presents an optimal temporal-spatial scheduling strategy of PEV charging demand in the presence of DGs. The solution is designed to ensure t...

Optimal power flow (OPF) study is conducted on a power system to achieve one of the following objectives: cost/loss minimization or available transfer capability (ATC) calculation in a deregulated environment. Distributed generation (DG) is a small source of electric power conversion from nonconventional energy sources and Hybrid DGs which often the most cost-effective and reliable way to produ...

Few years ago Power Systems consisted mainly of large generation plants supplying distant loads through the utility grids. The last years, though, a number of factors lead this structure to change gradually. Small generators of some MW have been already dispersed (DGs) throughout the transmission grid. The distribution of smaller generation units throughout the distribution system as near as po...

The progression towards smart grids, integrating renewable energy resources, has increased the integration of distributed generators (DGs) into power distribution networks. However, several economic and technical challenges can result from the unsuitable incorporation of DGs in existing distribution networks. Therefore, optimal placement and sizing of DGs are of paramount importance to improve ...