Abstract Trusting relationships are both valuable and risky. Where the risks high fears of betrayal also high, it might seem rational to try mitigate risks, while still enjoying benefits trusting relationship, by forming a contingency plan. A plan—in sense I am interested in—involves contingent punishments for defection, which primarily meant encourage trusted partner act trustworthily. argue, ...

Deriving self-worth from romantic relationships (relationship contingency) may have implications for women's sexual motives in relationships. Because relationship contingency enhances motivation to sustain relationships to maintain positive self-worth, relationship contingent women may engage in sex to maintain and enhance their relationships (relational sex motives). Using structural equation ...

Contingency management is an effective treatment for drug addiction. The current explanation for its success is rooted in alternative reinforcement theory. We suggest that alternative reinforcement theory is inadequate to explain the success of contingency management and produce a model based on demand curves that show how little the monetary rewards offered in this treatment would affect drug ...

Applying a social exchange perspective, three studies examined how the effects of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS) on performance and commitment are constrained by pay contingency. Study 1 showed a negative interaction between POS and pay contingency and a positive interaction between PSS and pay contingency in their effects on performance, and non-s...

Contingency analysis and risk management are important tasks for the safe operation of electrical energy network. Potential harmful disturbances that occur during the steady state operation of a power system are known as contingencies. Contingency analysis is carried out by using repeated load flow solutions for each of a list of potential component failures. In this paper is work is carried ou...

The population-ecology approach (the natural-selection model) used to be a major orientation in consideration of organizational change and transformation. It is presented by its proponents as a theory distinct from structural contingency theory. This theory begins by rejecting the claim of contingency theory that organizations are adaptive. Contingency theory understands that the social and bus...

In an fMRI study, effects of contingency awareness on conditioned responses were assessed in three groups comprising 118 subjects. A differential fear-conditioning paradigm with visual conditioned stimuli, an electrical unconditioned stimulus and two distractors was applied. The instructed aware group was informed about the contingencies, whereas the distractors prevented contingency detection ...

Feedback is highly contingent on behavior if it eventually becomes easy to predict, and weakly contingent on behavior if it remains difficult or impossible to predict even after learning is complete. Many studies have demonstrated that humans and nonhuman animals are highly sensitive to feedback contingency, but no known studies have examined how feedback contingency affects category learning, ...