Objective Poor access to a primary care physician may lead to poor control of risk factors for disease. This study investigated whether geographic access to a primary care physician was related to ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality. Methods Road-distances from the centroids of the basic unit blocks of the 2010 Japanese Census to the nearest primary care facilities in Hokkaido, northe...

transformation of land use-land cover change occurs due to the numbers and activities of people. urban growth modeling has attracted authentic attention because it helps to comprehend the mechanisms of land use change and thus helps relevant policies made. this study applied logistic regression to model urban growth in the ahvaz metropolitan area of khuzestan province in idrisi selva software a...

In this paper, we propose a method for recognition of road markings from in-vehicle camera images. A road marking in in-vehicle camera images has a variety of appearance due to the change of position and distance between the camera and the road marking, blur effect, and so on. Therefore, accurate recognition of road markings becomes difficult in real environment. Our method generates numerous l...

In this paper, we provide a simple approximation for the distance from an arbitrary location to the kth nearest point. Distance is measured as the Euclidean and the rectilinear distances on a continuous plane. The approximation demonstrates that the kth nearest distance is proportional to the square root of k and inversely proportional to the square root of the density of points. The accuracy o...

background and purpose: in the process of rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, environmental pollution is a major concern. one of the fastest growing problems of environmental pollution is an excessive intake of lead in urban soils. lead concentrations in urban soil may result from human activities such as vehicle emissions and industrial activities. this study aime...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chewing gum on driving performance in a driving simulator. [Subjects] In total, 26 young licensed drivers participated. [Methods] The driving scenario was typical of an urban environment: a single-carriageway, two-way road consisting of a mix of curved and straight sections, with considerable levels of traffic, pedestrians, and...

An important factor in evaluating health risk of near-road air pollution is to accurately estimate the traffic-related vehicle emission of air pollutants. Inclusion of traffic parameters such as road length/area, distance to roads, and traffic volume/intensity into models such as land use regression (LUR) models has improved exposure estimation. To better understand the relationship between veh...