Proptosis in children may be an ominous sign suggesting rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, metastatic neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, eosinophilic granuloma, or orbital cellulitis , among others [1]. Ectopic lacrimal gland tissue within the orbit is an uncommon etiology of proptosis in infants and children [2], although it may be more common in adults [2] . We describe two cases of proptosis in children...

Diagnosis: disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Cultures of both peripheral blood samples and bone marrow aspirates demonstrated the presence of MAC (figures 1 and 2). MAC comprises 2 species, M. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. They are environmental saprophytes that are found ubiquitously in soil, water, and food, and exposure is, therefore, inevitable. The ...

A biopsy from the lesion on the hand was consistent with features of localized granuloma annulare. The patient was reassured that the condition was self-limited. The lesion on her calf, however, grew larger and new nummular and annular plaques developed that ultimately involved her legs, arms, abdomen, and back. A new diagnosis was made of generalized granuloma annulare. During the next 21⁄2 ye...

Histoplasmosis is a common endemic mycosis. The majority of infections involving this dimorphic fungus are asymptomatic. Manifestations in symptomatic patients are diverse, ranging from flu-like illness to a more serious disseminated disease. We present here a case of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis mimicking a metastatic cancer. We reviewed the literature for cases of disseminated histopla...

Granuloma annulare is a benign, relatively common dermatosis of childhood and young adults. Lesions typically occur on the extremities. Localized facial and periocular involvement is rare. We describe a 25- year-old woman with asymptomatic skin-color, firm, and papular lesions on both periocular areas since 6 months ago. Histological examination revealed palisading necrobiotic granuloma, charac...

T cells. This process arrests the local infection for most immunocompetent hosts. At that time, the only sign of the disease may be a positive reaction to the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test. A delayed hypersensitivity response uses cytotoxic killer CD8 suppressor T cells to kill the other nonactivated macrophages with bacilli. This process creates local tissue destruction and the f...

INTRODUCTION Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign, inflammatory skin disorder that has no proven aetiology or widely accepted theory of pathogenesis. We present the results of a local study examining the characteristics of this disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of 41 patients with granuloma annulare seen at a tertiary dermatological skin hospital in Singapore. The d...